Introgressing White Mold Resistance from Phaseolus coccineus PI 439534 to Common Pinto Bean

Abstract

White mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] is a devastating disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in cool‐ to moderate‐temperature and wet‐production regions worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is crucial for effective and economical white mold control. Partial resistance exists in cultivated and wild common bean and Phaseolus species of the secondary gene pool. The objectives were to (i) develop highly resistant breeding lines (BL) from a recurrent interspecific backcross of common pinto bean ‘UI 320’ with P. coccineus PI 439534, and (ii) compare their response with known sources of resistance. Five pinto BL derived from UI 320 × 2/PI 439534 interspecific backcross population, the two parents, nine known sources of resistance, and susceptible pinto ‘Othello’ were screened in the greenhouse. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates ARS12D and ND710 were used at the University of Idaho, Kimberly, in 2012 and isolates CO467 and NY133 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, in 2013. All five interspecific pinto BL (VC13‐1, VC13‐3, VC13‐4, VC13‐5, VC13‐6) in Idaho and three (VC13‐4, VC13‐5, VC13‐6) in Colorado exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of resistance than PI 439534. Their resistance was either similar to (in Colorado) or higher (in Idaho) than the highest levels available in other interspecific BL (92BG‐7, I9365‐31, VCW 54, VRW 32) derived from the secondary gene pool thus far, as well as medium‐ (USPT‐WM‐1) and small‐ (‘ICA Bunsi’) seeded Middle American and large‐seeded Andean dry (G 122) and green (NY 6020‐4) beans. The effectiveness of the five interspecific pinto BL for controlling white mold with and without fungicides and other disease management strategies should be performed. Genetics of resistance and tagging and mapping of new resistance genes and/or quantitative trait loci should be performed. Also, high levels of resistance from the five interspecific pinto BL should be pyramided across Phaseolus species and/or transferred into cultivars.

Reaction of sources of resistance to white mold to microsatellite haplotypes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

“…G122 is a well-known source of resistance to white mold abroad (Griffiths, 2009;Miklas et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2014;Viteri and Singh, 2015) and recently has been used in breeding programs in Brazil (Carneiro et al, 2011;Carvalho et al, 2013). The physiological resistance present in G122 is controlled by one gene with a predominance of additive effects, which facilitates the use of this line in breeding programs (Carneiro et al, 2011).…”

“…With regard to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), breeding for white mold resistance has advanced recently, especially in the United States, where several studies on the genetic mechanisms of resistance and breeding strategies have been carried out (Terán and Singh, 2009;Terán and Singh, 2010;Singh et al, 2014;Viteri and Singh, 2015) and a number of partially resistant lines have been released (Griffiths, 2009;Kelly et al, 2012;Miklas et al, 2014).…”

Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of White Mold Avoidance in Pinto Bean

“…Inheritance studies have shown that partial resistance is quantitative in nature, further complicating the task of resistance breeding (Miklas et al, 2004). For example, resistance sources such as that reported in the 'Ex Rico 23' (also known as ICA Bunsi) navy bean (Tu and Beversdorf, 1982) have over years shown moderate levels of disease avoidance in the field (Kolkman and Kelly, 2002) but fail to show the same moderate levels of resistance in the greenhouse straw test (Singh et al, 2014). For example, resistance sources such as that reported in the 'Ex Rico 23' (also known as ICA Bunsi) navy bean (Tu and Beversdorf, 1982) have over years shown moderate levels of disease avoidance in the field (Kolkman and Kelly, 2002) but fail to show the same moderate levels of resistance in the greenhouse straw test (Singh et al, 2014).…”

“…Sources of resistance to white mold are highly variable, coming mainly from the Andean gene pool (Schwartz and Singh, 2013), from unadapted landrace and wild relatives (Mkwaila et al, 2011), and from interspecific lines that need prebreeding before introgression into elite germplasm (Singh et al, 2014). In addition, many sources reported to provide high levels of resistance in the greenhouse are very poorly adapted to temperate field conditions.…”

Registration of Common Bean Pinto PRP 153 and VCP 13 with High Levels of Broad‐Spectrum White Mold Resistance

“…Low levels of white mold resistance (detected in the greenhouse tests) and/or plant architectural avoidance (detected in the field tests) are found in the Middle American cultivated and wild common bean (McCoy et al, 2012; Miklas et al, 2013; Mkwaila et al, 2011; Singh et al, 2014b, 2014c). However, higher levels of resistance occur in the Andean common bean (Maxwell et al, 2007; Miklas et al, 2001a; Singh et al, 2007a, 2014b, 2014c; Viteri et al, 2015) and Phaseolus species of the common bean secondary gene pool such as P. coccineus L., P. polyanthus Greenman (synonymous with P. dumosus ), and P. costaricensis Freytag & Debouck (Gilmore et al, 2002; Miklas et al, 1998; Schwartz et al, 2006; Singh et al, 2009a, 2014c).…”