Introduktion til Social Formalism (1998)

Abstract

Introduction to Social Formalism (1998)In this introductory chapter to her book Social Formalism: The Novel in Theory from Henry James to the Present (1998), Dorothy Hale is engaging a double polemic against the dominating tradition within cultural studies and argues that not only does this tradition, which claims to have more interest in the ‘world’ than in the ‘work’, base its studies in classical literary works; it has also lost sight of the relevant theoretical approaches. To Hale, a reactualization of ‘novel theory’ is therefore emergent, and it is the aim of her study to show that the critique that has been raised against formalistic-oriented novel theory for not having any other interest in the novel than the description of its ‘literariness’ is wrong. Literary theorists like Henry James, Percy Lubbock, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette and Michail Bachtin have shared the conviction that the novel, through its formal aspects, embodies the author’s vision of both social identity and social reality – no matter whether this is formulated as Lubbock’s ‘vision’, Genette’s ‘voice’ or Bachtin’s ‘dialogicity’. In this respect, these theorists are not as far from the sociocultural approaches of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Barbara Johnson and Henry Louis Gates as is claimed. They are connected insofar as they share a social formalistic interest, i.e. they consider the formal aspects of the text as an expression for and a result of a specific and historically variable social formation.

DISat - a delay-independent stability analysis toolbox for use with Matlab

“…Definition 2 [9] System (3) Rex{-] denotes the real part of eigenvalues of the corresponding matrix;…”

“…, N, and we assume det[l -Bk] # 0. Based on Lemma 1, and discussions on the global hyperbolicity of the corresponding difference system [l], [9], [lo], algebraic cnieria for delay-independent stability of the above system will be established by means of the "Complete Discrimination System for Polynomials" [ZS], [29]. The algebraic criteria generalize and unify the relevant results in the literature.…”

“…Just as ordinary differential systems, the stability of the zero solution is equivalent to all eigenvalues being with negative real parts [21, [71, 181, 191, [IO], [211, [30]. However, it is more complex when considering the neutral differential system, i.e., all eigenvalues being with negative real parts are not sufficient for the stability of the zero solution [Z], [4], [8]; [9], [lo], [21], and the global hyperbolicity of a corresponding difference system must be taken into account [l], [9], [lo]. In neutral differential system, when characterizing system stability by means of the corresponding characteristic equation, it is usually required that the supremum of the real parts of all eigenvalues is negative [l], [2], [SI, [9], [IO], 1161, [211, which is notably different from retarded differential system.…”

“…However, it is more complex when considering the neutral differential system, i.e., all eigenvalues being with negative real parts are not sufficient for the stability of the zero solution [Z], [4], [8]; [9], [lo], [21], and the global hyperbolicity of a corresponding difference system must be taken into account [l], [9], [lo]. In neutral differential system, when characterizing system stability by means of the corresponding characteristic equation, it is usually required that the supremum of the real parts of all eigenvalues is negative [l], [2], [SI, [9], [IO], 1161, [211, which is notably different from retarded differential system. System (1) is said to be delayindependent stable, if V r E (R+)") the supremum of the real part of A satisfying Equation (2) is negative, that is, there exists a 6 > 0 , such that {Rex : G(X, T , A , E ) = In the literature, delay-independent stability is also called all-delay stability, unconditional stability or absolute stability.…”