Introductory Organic Chemistry (First-Semester) for Blind and Visually Impaired Students: Practical Lessons and Experiences
Jon T. Njardarson
Abstract:This article describes practical lessons and experiences acquired as part of a journey in teaching a blind student at The University of Arizona to master the written and graphical language of first-semester organic chemistry and its associated concepts. These practical lessons include details on how to adapt an organic chemistry model set (with simple, minimal modifications) to make it suitable for teaching organic chemistry to blind and visually impaired students and lesson examples of how the modified model … Show more
“…The formulation of inclusive teaching stategies to address the needs of visually challenged and blind students has also been the focus of active research activities. − Typical approaches to making complex molecular structures and mathematical diagrams accessible involve tactile graphics, ,, as realized in tactile drawing boards, swell touch paper and plastic embossing technologies. The latter have inter alia been combined with teaching materials based on interactive audio applications such as Braille/Audio-formatted textbooks or tabulated worksheets that can be accessed using either reader-equipped computers or talking tactile pens .…”
Due to its abstract and counterintuitive nature, quantum mechanics is considered as one of the most challenging subjects in science and technology. This study outlines a general workflow for the fabrication of quantum mechanical wave functions utilizing 3D-printing technology. The novel technique offers a more comprehensive and tangible way to visualize and understand complex quantum phenomena when compared to the standard approach of presenting 2D projections of the associated threedimensional mathematical objects. By using numerical approaches to solve the Schrodinger equation this approach can be applied to a broad range of potentials relevant to a number of different experimental techniques such as vibrational spectroscopy and quantum tunneling. By modifying the generated 3D models appropriately, without changing their overall descriptive character, further improvements in the representation of the underlying potential surface and the associated wave functions can be achieved. The correct vertical alignment of the potential surface and wave functions was further enhanced via a 3D-printed rack designed specifically for this project, which allowed the models to be displayed in the correct energetic order.
“…The formulation of inclusive teaching stategies to address the needs of visually challenged and blind students has also been the focus of active research activities. − Typical approaches to making complex molecular structures and mathematical diagrams accessible involve tactile graphics, ,, as realized in tactile drawing boards, swell touch paper and plastic embossing technologies. The latter have inter alia been combined with teaching materials based on interactive audio applications such as Braille/Audio-formatted textbooks or tabulated worksheets that can be accessed using either reader-equipped computers or talking tactile pens .…”
Due to its abstract and counterintuitive nature, quantum mechanics is considered as one of the most challenging subjects in science and technology. This study outlines a general workflow for the fabrication of quantum mechanical wave functions utilizing 3D-printing technology. The novel technique offers a more comprehensive and tangible way to visualize and understand complex quantum phenomena when compared to the standard approach of presenting 2D projections of the associated threedimensional mathematical objects. By using numerical approaches to solve the Schrodinger equation this approach can be applied to a broad range of potentials relevant to a number of different experimental techniques such as vibrational spectroscopy and quantum tunneling. By modifying the generated 3D models appropriately, without changing their overall descriptive character, further improvements in the representation of the underlying potential surface and the associated wave functions can be achieved. The correct vertical alignment of the potential surface and wave functions was further enhanced via a 3D-printed rack designed specifically for this project, which allowed the models to be displayed in the correct energetic order.
People with blindness have limited access to the high-resolution graphical data and imagery of science. Here, a lithophane codex is reported. Its pages display tactile and optical readouts for universal visualization of data by persons with or without eyesight. Prototype codices illustrated microscopy of butterfly chitin—from
N
-acetylglucosamine monomer to fibril, scale, and whole insect—and were given to high schoolers from the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Lithophane graphics of Fischer-Spier esterification reactions and electron micrographs of biological cells were also 3D-printed, along with x-ray structures of proteins (as millimeter-scale 3D models). Students with blindness could visualize (describe, recall, distinguish) these systems—for the first time—at the same resolution as sighted peers (average accuracy = 88%). Tactile visualization occurred alongside laboratory training, synthesis, and mentoring by chemists with blindness, resulting in increased student interest and sense of belonging in science.
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