Introductory Chapter: Welding in the Era of Industry 5.0

Abstract

The comparison between current (Industry 4.0) and proposed (Industry 5.0) industrial revolution based on various aspects is tabled in Table 1 [2,18]:Welding -Materials, Fabrication Processes, and Industry 5.0 2 The increasing role of AI and ML in manufacturingThe technologies of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are revolutionary, and their goal is to give machines the capacity to think like humans do, that is, to learn, reason, and make judgments. The detailed classification of Artificial Intelligence is shown in Figure 2. AI is the larger area that includes a variety of approaches that allow machines to emulate intelligent behavior. ML, a subset of AI, is Aspect Current industrial revolution, Industry 4.0 Proposed industrial revolution, Industry 5.0 Emphasis Automation and digitization Human-machine collaboration [10] Key technology IoT, big data, AI, and automation [2] Collaborative robotics [10], AI decision support, and hyper-automation [14]