Introductory Chapter: Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

Nave, Felecia; Kommalapati, Raghava R.; Thompson, Audie

doi:10.5772/intechopen.72569

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As emerging membrane technologies, FO and MD have received increased attentions for wastewater treatment and desalination [14,[57][58][59][60] advantages of low membrane fouling, feasibility to treat high salinity water, possibility to run at low voltage electricity, and applications in osmotic dilution at low energy demand. When thermal volatile draw solute is used, FO can easily be integrated with low-grade heat, such as waste heat in a power plant and thermal heat gathered by highly efficient solar collector, for draw solute recovery [57,58].…”

Section: Peg-assisted Membranes In Wastewater Treatment and Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Polyethylene Glycol Solubility with Emerging Membrane Technologies, Wastewater Treatment, and Desalination

Du¹,

Bandara²,

Carson³

et al. 2020

Water Quality - Science, Assessments and Policy

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Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) are two emerging membrane technologies, and both have advantages of low membrane fouling, ability to use for highly saline desalination, and feasibility to integrate with a low-grade heat source like solar collector. Because polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it is an essential material used for membrane fabrication and enhancement of membrane properties. Low-molecular-weight PEG sometimes is used as pore constrictor and pore former for developing MD membranes and support layer of FO membranes. Due to the affinity of PEG chains to water molecules, PEG, its derivatives, and copolymers have been widely used in the fabrication/ modification of FO and MD membranes, which are currently applied to bioseparation, wastewater treatment, and desalination in academia and industry at the pilot scale. This chapter covers direct PEG and its membrane separation applications in wastewater treatment and desalination. The advancement of PEG in membrane science and engineering is reviewed and discussed comprehensively. We focus on the effectiveness of PEG on membrane antifouling and the stability of PEG-modified membranes when applied to wastewater treatment and desalination.

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Section: Peg-assisted Membranes In Wastewater Treatment and Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Polyethylene Glycol Solubility with Emerging Membrane Technologies, Wastewater Treatment, and Desalination

Du¹,

Bandara²,

Carson³

et al. 2020

Water Quality - Science, Assessments and Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been extensively employed in a variety of operations, including the treatment of brackish and seawater, the treatment of sewage, and the creation of ultrapure water. It is employed for the separation of undesirable ions, salts, microbiological components, organic materials, and inorganic materials from water [37]. The RO process involves forcing water from the area with a high concentration of feed solution through the semipermeable membrane to the region with a low concentration of solution by exerting pressure to the area with a high concentration of solution that is greater than the osmotic pressure (Fig.…”

Section: Reverse Osmosis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water flux across the RO membrane is reduced if the membrane becomes fouled because of increased mass transfer resistance [48]. In order to provide the greatest possible membrane performance and reduce costs, accurate forecasting and the total eradication of fouling are essential [37]. The problem can be resolved by changing the operating parameters, using anti-scalants, and washing the membrane to remove the fouling layer.…”

Section: Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and Challenges of the Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process: A Review

Mohammed,

Sachit,

Al-Furaiji

2023

J. eng. sustain. dev.

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Reverse osmosis is one of the most prevalent methods of generating potable water owing to its low power usage, excellent rates of contaminant removal, simple design, large output capacity, and much cheaper initial and maintenance costs than comparable alternatives. In this review, the most important published research related to the reverse osmosis process was reviewed. It was found that the majority of reported studies were related to using the reverse osmosis process for water desalination and wastewater treatment. Research has proven that the reverse osmosis process is a very effective method for desalinating water and treating industrial effluent containing heavy metals, organics, and other pollutants. Fouling was found to be one of the greatest obstacles encountered by the reverse osmosis method in water treatment, which raises operating costs due to the need for frequent cleaning, reduces the membrane's lifespan, and reduces the permeate flux. In general, microfiltration/ultrafiltration pretreatment and backwashing were among the most effective strategies suggested by researchers to reduce fouling and ensure the longevity and proper operation of the system.

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“…Feed waters with different qualities have been researched to determine the major foulants since water flux and osmotic power generation are reduced by membrane fouling, making the overall cost as high as other membrane processes [80]. In addition, for certain quick fouling, high cleaning frequency and long downtime processing are required making the conventional backwash approaches impractical.…”

Section: Feed Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development

et al. 2020

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Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) have gained attention recently as potential processes to solve water and energy scarcity problems with advantages over pressure-driven membrane processes. These processes can be designed to produce bioenergy and clean water at the same time (i.e., wastewater treatment with power generation). Despite having significant technological advancement, these bioenergy processes are yet to be implemented in full scale and commercialized due to its relatively low performance. Hence, massive and extensive research has been carried out to evaluate the variables in FO and PRO processes such as osmotic membrane, feed solutions, draw solutions, and operating conditions in order to maximize the outcomes, which include water flux and power density. However, these research findings have not been summarized and properly reviewed. The key parts of this review are to discuss the factors influencing the performance of FO and PRO with respective resulting effects and to determine the research gaps in their optimization with the aim of further improving these bioenergy processes and commercializing them in various industrial applications.

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Introductory Chapter: Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Association of Polyethylene Glycol Solubility with Emerging Membrane Technologies, Wastewater Treatment, and Desalination

Association of Polyethylene Glycol Solubility with Emerging Membrane Technologies, Wastewater Treatment, and Desalination

Applications and Challenges of the Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process: A Review

Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development

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