Introductory Chapter: International Health Security in the Era of COVID-19

COP27 Climate Change Conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world

“…In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock (Opoku et al, 2021). Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene have led to increases in diseases across sub‐Saharan Africa, with rises in malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus, West Nile virus and other infections (Evans and Munslow, 2021; Stawicki et al, 2021). Rising sea levels reduce water quality, leading to water‐borne diseases, including diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of mortality in Africa (Evans and Munslow, 2021).…”

COP27 Climate Change Conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world

“… 7 Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene have led to increases in diseases across sub-Saharan Africa, with rises in malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus, West Nile virus, and other infections. 8 , 9 Rising sea levels reduce water quality, leading to water-borne diseases, including diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of mortality in Africa. 8 Extreme weather damages water and food supply, increasing food insecurity and malnutrition, which causes 1.7 million deaths annually in Africa.…”

COP27 Climate Change Conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world

“…In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock [ 7 ]. Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene have led to increases in diseases across sub-Saharan Africa, with rises in malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus, West Nile virus, and other infections [ 8 , 9 ]. Rising sea levels reduce water quality, leading to water-borne diseases, including diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of mortality in Africa [ 8 ].…”