Introductory Chapter: Endoscopy and ERAS

Abstract

resection [27]. Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery eliminates large upper abdominal incisions. Besides, anesthesia and analgesia in the perioperative surgical incision area, it shortens the postoperative hospital stay, and guarantees successful ERAS. In fact, laparoscopic resection has been challenged by open surgery during the initial stage of ERAS [28], and one of the RCTs for colon cancer surgery showed no difference in mortality, morbidity, readmission rate, or length of hospital stay [29]. Laparoscopic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery is still a concern due to its 8-15% open conversion rate secondary to major bleeding and 2% positive margin rate. There is also concern that pneumoperitoneum increases the risk of tumor spread and extra incisions required to remove large samples [30].