Introduction

Brooks, J.S.; Welte, Dietrich H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-032001-1.50005-5

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Source rock evaluation and analysis of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons provide essential input data for basin modelling studies. Petroleum geochemistry integrates chemical principles for investigation of the origin, migration, accumulation and alteration of petroleum (Brooks and Welte, 1984). Fig.…”

Section: Fig 3: Composition Of Organic Matter In Sedimentary Rock (Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional petroleum alteration trends in Barents Sea oils and condensates as a clue to migration regimes and processes

et al. 2016

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This thesis has been submitted to the Department of Geoscience at the University of Oslo in accordance with requirements for dissertation for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor. The work that forms the basis for this Ph.D. thesis was conducted under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Dag Arild Karlsen and financed by NORECO ASA. Although first drillings were conducted during the early 1980ies, the Barents Sea is still considered a frontier area for petroleum exploration. Despite extensive research on the geologic evolution, sedimentology and stratigraphy, geochemical studies reporting on petroleum systems are scarce. It has been suggested relatively early in the exploration history that oils and condensates in the region could be regarded as being mixtures of more than one filling event. Variable results in the early part of the exploration phase are undoubtedly related to the complexities of the region. It is commonly accepted that several phases of uplift, erosion and glacial events during the Cenozoic had great impact on petroleum system elements, but also on already accumulated petroleum. Generation from miscellaneous source rocks, changes in pressure-volume-temperature conditions, secondary inreservoir alteration, large scale remigration and entrapment mechanisms, and leakage of petroleum are among the processes that impede petroleum system investigation. The purpose of this work was to provide systematic evaluations of the degree to which oils and condensates are "blends", or of singular source rock origin, and to evaluate potential variations in maturity signatures, biodegradation, migration induced phase-fractionation and source rock facies. Realizing that petroleum geochemical studies in the Barents Sea may be complicated due to extensive alteration and blends of oils in traps, an attempt was made to decipher the complex signatures: A full geochemical fingerprint of each sample in terms of thermal maturity, secondary alteration effects, age, paleo depositional environments and organic matter input had to be created. Therefore, systematic analysis of three hydrocarbon compound classes has been applied: (1) light hydrocarbon C 4-C 8 compounds, (2) medium range C 10-C 20 compounds, and (3) biomarker range C 20+ compounds. The results indicate petroleum generation from the early oil window to the late oil/ condensate window. Phase fractionated condensates and oils have been observed in the western part of the Hammerfest Basin. Petroleum mixtures have been identified by varying thermal maturities among the three different compound classes, and paleo biodegradation signatures in combination with fresh, unaltered charges. This indicates at least two migration events of highly variable maturity and/or even source rock facies signatures. Similar geochemical characteristics and use of multivariate statistical analysis led to classification of four petroleum families: (1) Family A: Permian/Triassic sourced, (2) Family B: Carboniferous sourced, (3) Family C: Jurassic sourced, and (4) Family D: Triassic and Jurassic sourced...

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Section: Fig 3: Composition Of Organic Matter In Sedimentary Rock (Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional petroleum alteration trends in Barents Sea oils and condensates as a clue to migration regimes and processes

et al. 2016

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“…Biomarker compositions can be used to distinguish oils from various source rocks, but they can also be used to show regional differences in organic facies within the same source rock or between oils from the same source rock. 61 Because biomarker patterns in oils are inherited from their source rocks, these uses are possible. Within the same source rock, lateral and vertical variations of organic facies emerge from differences in the type of organic matter and the characteristics of the depositional environment.…”

Section: Oxic Versus Anoxic Depositional Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying biomarkers as paleoenvironmental indicators to reveal the organic matter enrichment of shale during deep energy exploration: a review

Ogbesejana,

Liu,

Gao

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…The weakness is that both a dynamical model/thermal model connection must be made, as well as a dynamical model from which to extract salient parameters; (ii) from various thermal indicators measured in wells; if the temperature dependent physics/chemistry of the indicators along the burial paths is known, then the temporal evolution of temperature can be determined. Lopatin (1971), and later Waples (1980) and Brooks and Welte (1984), have popularized the idea that vitrinite reflectance, R(z), measured with depth z, can be related to a time, t, temperature, T(t), integral (TTI) of the form (10) where the integral is taken along the burial paths of the sediments from deposition to the present day, and T c and T D are two scaling constants. To make TTI a hydrocarbon measure Waples (1980) suggested that T c is best set at 105°C, and T D at 10/ln e 2°C.…”

Section: B Thermal Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current thought (Hunt, 1979;Waples, 1984;Brooks and Welte, 1984) suggests that thermal degradation of kerogen is the dominant mechanism for producing hydrocarbons (oil and/or gas). Given that viewpoint the problem of determining…”

Section: Uncertain Permeability and Uncertain Fracture Coefficient Efmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risking Basin Analysis Results

Lerche

Rocha-Legoretta

2003

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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The work presented here uses a basin analysis code, developed for Excel, to handle burial history, fluid flow, fracturing, overpressure development with time, erosion events, kerogen breakdown to oil and gas, hydrocarbon volumetrics for both oil and gas including source retention, migration loss, and area changes with time of source rocks for each formation. The code is remarkably fast, requiring about 0.2 seconds on a laptop to perform all the above calculations for ten formations as well as producing pictorial representations of all variables with space and time. The code seamlessly interfaces with the Monte Carlo risking program Crystal Ball so that a total uncertainty analysis can be done with as many uncertain inputs as required and as many outputs of interest as needed without increasing the computer time needed. A thousand Crystal Ball runs take only about 200 seconds, allowing one to investigate many possible scenarios extremely quickly.We show here with four basic examples how one goes about identifying which parameters in the input (ranging from uncertain data, uncertain thermal history, uncertain permeability, uncertain fracture coefficients for rocks, uncertain geochemistry kinetics, uncertain kerogen amounts and types per formation, through to uncertain volumetric factors) are causing the greatest contributions to uncertainty in any and all outputs. The relative importance, relative contributions and relative sensitivity are examined to show when it is necessary to know more about the underlying distributions of uncertain parameters, when it is necessary to know more about the dynamic range of a parameter to narrow its contribution to the total uncertainty, and which parameters are necessary to first focus on to narrow their uncertainty in order to improve the dynamical, thermal or hydrocarbon outputs.An interface of such a coupled pair of very fast Excel codes with an Excel economics package can also now easily be undertaken so that one ties scientific uncertainty and economic uncertainty together for hydrocarbon exploration and identifies the global parameters dominantly influencing the combined economic/basin analysis system.

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Introduction

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Regional petroleum alteration trends in Barents Sea oils and condensates as a clue to migration regimes and processes

Regional petroleum alteration trends in Barents Sea oils and condensates as a clue to migration regimes and processes

Applying biomarkers as paleoenvironmental indicators to reveal the organic matter enrichment of shale during deep energy exploration: a review

Risking Basin Analysis Results

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