“…When learning is flipped, didactic lectures, which usually take place during face-to-face time, are pre-recorded and made available for students to watch prior to class, while opportunities to deepen, extend and apply student understanding of the recorded material are afforded by way of 'active learning strategies' in class time (Cheng & Weng, 2017;Roehl, Reddy, & Shannon, 2013;Zainuddin & Halili, 2016). Active learning strategies are student-centred instructional activities that requires students to 'do things' and think about and reflect on what they are doing (Bonwell & Eison, 1991;Misseyanni, Lytras, Papadopoulou, & Marouli, 2018). A number of student-centred learning theories and methods used to guide the design of in-class activities include peer-assisted learning, cooperative learning, problem-based learning, collaborative learning and peer tutoring (Bishop & Verleger, 2013).…”