Introduction to the special issue on functional selectivity in perceptual and cognitive systems - a tribute to Shlomo Bentin (1946-2012)

Deouell, Leon Y.; Grill-Spector, Kalanit; Malach, Rafael; Murray, Micah M.; Rossion, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.032

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, the advantage for processing happy faces has been mostly demonstrated in long-term memory tasks. Interestingly, a very recent ERP study found this advantage (compared with neutral and pride-positive expressions), but only at later stages (starting from 800 ms) of face processing ( DaSilva et al , 2016 ). However, here we used a facial adaptation paradigm, which might have increased the sensitivity to capture early neural responses, particularly during the adaptor presentations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Fear boosts the early neural coding of faces

Turano

Lao

Richoz

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The rapid extraction of facial identity and emotional expressions is critical for adapted social interactions. These biologically relevant abilities have been associated with early neural responses on the face sensitive N170 component. However, whether all facial expressions uniformly modulate the N170, and whether this effect occurs only when emotion categorization is task-relevant, is still unclear. To clarify this issue, we recorded high-resolution electrophysiological signals while 22 observers perceived the six basic expressions plus neutral. We used a repetition suppression paradigm, with an adaptor followed by a target face displaying the same identity and expression (trials of interest). We also included catch trials to which participants had to react, by varying identity (identity-task), expression (expression-task) or both (dual-task) on the target face. We extracted single-trial Repetition Suppression (stRS) responses using a data-driven spatiotemporal approach with a robust hierarchical linear model to isolate adaptation effects on the trials of interest. Regardless of the task, fear was the only expression modulating the N170, eliciting the strongest stRS responses. This observation was corroborated by distinct behavioral performance during the catch trials for this facial expression. Altogether, our data reinforce the view that fear elicits distinct neural processes in the brain, enhancing attention and facilitating the early coding of faces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some studies have reported such expression-sensitive N170 modulations (e.g. Batty and Taylor, 2003 ; Blau et al , 2007 ; Schyns et al , 2007 ; Morel et al , 2009 ; Smith, 2012 ; DaSilva et al , 2016 ;), while others have not (e.g. Campanella et al , 2002 ; Ishai et al , 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear boosts the early neural coding of faces

Turano

Lao

Richoz

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…We examined the distributed patterns of neural activity elicited by each visual category and task by conducting a multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA; Haxby et al, 2001) of responses in each anatomical ROI defined in each subject, as a many studies have shown that distributed responses across LOTC and VTC contain linearly separable category information (Cox and Savoy, 2003; Jacques et al, 2016; Kravitz et al, 2011; Kriegeskorte et al, 2008; Sayres and Grill-Spector, 2008; Spiridon and Kanwisher, 2002; Walther et al, 2009; Weiner and Grill-Spector, 2010). For every voxel, we estimated the response to each condition and task from the GLM of each run (conditions in the SA task are labeled by the attended category).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LOTC and VTC have both clustered (Cohen et al, 2000; Downing et al, 2001; Epstein and Kanwisher, 1998; Kanwisher, 1997) and distributed representations of object categories (Grill-Spector and Weiner, 2014; Haxby et al, 2001), which are organizational features believed to contribute to the speed of categorization (Thorpe et al, 1996). Further, a large body of research has documented that distributed responses across LOTC and VTC contain linearly separable category representations (Cox and Savoy, 2003; Grill-Spector and Weiner, 2014; Jacques et al, 2016; Kravitz et al, 2011; Kriegeskorte et al, 2008; Sayres and Grill-Spector, 2008; Spiridon and Kanwisher, 2002; Walther et al, 2009; Weiner and Grill-Spector, 2010). Linear separability is computationally advantageous because it enables combinatorial coding of distributed responses resulting in representations of tens of thousands of categories (Haxby et al, 2001, 2011), as well as rapid and efficient readout of category information (Dicarlo and Cox, 2007; Grill-Spector and Weiner, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task alters category representations in prefrontal but not high-level visual cortex

2017

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A central question in neuroscience is how cognitive tasks affect category representations across the human brain. Regions in lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC), ventral temporal cortex (VTC), and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (VLFPC) constitute the extended “what” pathway, which is considered instrumental for visual category processing. However, it is unknown (1) whether distributed responses across LOTC, VTC, and VLPC explicitly represent category, task, or some combination of both, and (2) in what way representations across these subdivisions of the extended ‘what’ pathway may differ. To fill these gaps in knowledge, we scanned 12 participants using fMRI to test the effect of category and task on distributed responses across LOTC, VTC, and VLPFC. Results reveal that task and category modulate responses in both high-level visual regions, as well as prefrontal cortex. However, we found fundamentally different types of representations across the brain. Distributed responses in high-level visual regions are more strongly driven by category than task, and exhibit task-independent category representations. In contrast, distributed responses in prefrontal cortex are more strongly driven by task than category, and contain task-dependent category representations. Together, these findings of differential representations across the brain support a new idea that LOTC and VTC maintain stable and separable category representations allowing efficient processing of visual information, while prefrontal cortex contains flexible representations in which separable category information may emerge only when relevant to the task.

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Introduction to the special issue on functional selectivity in perceptual and cognitive systems - a tribute to Shlomo Bentin (1946-2012)

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Fear boosts the early neural coding of faces

Fear boosts the early neural coding of faces

Task alters category representations in prefrontal but not high-level visual cortex

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