“…Furthermore, most countries have implemented national lockdown and social distancing policies resulting in reduced industrial, commercial, and human activity, followed by reduced air pollution emissions and improved air quality. Several studies conducted around the world support this argument that air pollutants’ reduction in the atmosphere has been observed as a result of national lockdowns confirming that national lockdowns led to air pollutants’ reduction in the atmosphere (Gautam & Gollakota, 2023 ; Kiyan et al, 2023 ; Andrea Pozzer et al, 2020 ; Rodríguez-Urrego, 2020 ). Fig.…”
Air pollution has been integrated into global challenges over the last few years due to its negative impact on the health of human beings, increasing socio-economic risks, and its contribution to climate change. This study attempts to evaluate the current status of Iran’s air pollution with regard to the sources of emissions, control policies, and the health and climate consequences that have resulted through available data from monitoring stations reported in the literature, official documents, and previously published papers. Many large cities in Iran surpass the permissible concentration of air pollutants, particularly particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, and ozone. Although regulations and policies are in place and enormous efforts are being made to address air pollution issues in the country, implementation and enforcement are not as effective as they could be. The significant challenges may be regarded as the inefficiency of regulation and supervision systems, the lack of air quality monitoring systems and technology, particularly in industrial cities rather than Tehran, and the lack of continual feedback and investigations on the efficiency of regulation. Providing such an up-to-date report can bring opportunities for international collaboration, which is essential in addressing air pollution worldwide. We suggest that a way forward could be more focused on conducting systematic reviews using scientometric methods to show an accurate picture and trend in air pollution and its association in Iran, implementing an integrated approach for both climate change and air pollution issues, collaborating with international counterparts to share knowledge, tools, and techniques.
“…Furthermore, most countries have implemented national lockdown and social distancing policies resulting in reduced industrial, commercial, and human activity, followed by reduced air pollution emissions and improved air quality. Several studies conducted around the world support this argument that air pollutants’ reduction in the atmosphere has been observed as a result of national lockdowns confirming that national lockdowns led to air pollutants’ reduction in the atmosphere (Gautam & Gollakota, 2023 ; Kiyan et al, 2023 ; Andrea Pozzer et al, 2020 ; Rodríguez-Urrego, 2020 ). Fig.…”
Air pollution has been integrated into global challenges over the last few years due to its negative impact on the health of human beings, increasing socio-economic risks, and its contribution to climate change. This study attempts to evaluate the current status of Iran’s air pollution with regard to the sources of emissions, control policies, and the health and climate consequences that have resulted through available data from monitoring stations reported in the literature, official documents, and previously published papers. Many large cities in Iran surpass the permissible concentration of air pollutants, particularly particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, and ozone. Although regulations and policies are in place and enormous efforts are being made to address air pollution issues in the country, implementation and enforcement are not as effective as they could be. The significant challenges may be regarded as the inefficiency of regulation and supervision systems, the lack of air quality monitoring systems and technology, particularly in industrial cities rather than Tehran, and the lack of continual feedback and investigations on the efficiency of regulation. Providing such an up-to-date report can bring opportunities for international collaboration, which is essential in addressing air pollution worldwide. We suggest that a way forward could be more focused on conducting systematic reviews using scientometric methods to show an accurate picture and trend in air pollution and its association in Iran, implementing an integrated approach for both climate change and air pollution issues, collaborating with international counterparts to share knowledge, tools, and techniques.
“…An episode of 2019-nCoV contamination that started in China had begun spreading to countries all over the globe [6,[17][18][19]. Lack of specific antiviral medications has been endorsed for treating COVID-19.…”
Objective
To develop Favipiravir, based predictive models of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from small molecule databases such as PubChem, Drug Bank, Zinc Database, and literature.
Methods
High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS) using different computational screening methods is used to identify the target and lead molecules. CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) is a 3D-QSAR procedure depending on information from known dynamic atoms and eventually permits one to plan and anticipate exercises of particles. These two analysis is used to train predictive models.
Results
The predictive model achieved the highest accuracy score with a relatively small dataset size can be a subject of overfitting. Datasets with over 500 samples demonstrate an accuracy of about 85–95%, that can be considered as very good.
Conclusions
From the result it is observed that Increasing level of potassium, sodium and nitrogen will lead to burst lipid bilayer membrane of virus which cause RNA replication rapidly. However, low level of sodium, potassium and nitrogen will help in the DNA polymerase inhibition and replication can be stopped. The best developed QSAR model in terms of the druggability and activity relation has been selected over the parent Favipiravir molecule for designing COVID-19 drugs may lead towards pharmaceutical development in future.
“…The twenty-first century has witnessed the emergence of a formidable viral adversary that has reshaped the world as we know it the coronavirus, scientifically identified as SARS-CoV-2. Since its initial identification in December 2019, this virus has unleashed a wave of devastation, leaving an indelible mark on humanity (Gautam, 2022(Gautam, & G, 2023. Its rapid transmission, combined with its profound and often deadly consequences, has rightfully earned it a place among the deadliest viruses in recent history.…”
In the ongoing era of the COVID-19 endemic, hygiene is an important aspect that needs to be emphasized. Hand sanitization is one of the most effective tools in preventing the transmission of microorganisms, which are the cause of diseases. This created portable hand sanitization project aims to provide an alternative that is more effective and practical than manually used soap. The project is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino UNO microcontroller to detect hand movements and automatically dispense a sanitizing spray. This makes it user-friendly and easy to use. The advantage of this project is that it does not require hand contact and is suitable for everyone, especially individuals with disabilities and children. Additionally, with its attractive design, this project is seen to be able to attract users' interest, especially among students. The development of this project is seen as a significant contribution to the efforts to combat the spread of contagious diseases and prevent the continuous transmission of COVID-19.
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