Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Word Meaning - What it is and What it is not’

Carston, Robyn; Pritchard, Tim; Textor, Mark

doi:10.1111/1746-8361.12202

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“…One of them involves modulating or adjusting the meaning of words endowed with conceptual content, or creating highly idiosyncratic occasion-specific conceptual representations (Wilson & Sperber 1998, Carston 2000, Wilson & Carston 2006. Such representations behave as mental files where the hearer may store varied information about what the speaker means (Wilson 2011, Carston 2013a, 2013b, Hall 2017. Although that information may pertain to specific characteristics, properties or nuances of their referentse.g., category, shape, size, colour, flavour, style, number, parts, etc.-it may likewise consist of personal beliefs about the speaker and her relation and experiences with, feelings towards and/or stance about what those words refer to (Scott 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are conceptually underspecified and can express differing concepts depending on context and available world knowledge. They are purely procedural elements enacting the creation of occasion-specific conceptual files on the basis of co-occurring lexical items, other sentential material, paralanguage, available contextual information and general knowledge (Carston 2013a, 2013b, Wilson 2016). 5 Thus, a demonstrative like that in the definite description in (6) may provide information concerning the fact that the referent of the noun it accompanies is unknown to the speaker: (6) That man is jumping over the fence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ad hoc concepts, affective attitude and epistemic stance

Cruz

2022

P&C

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In relevance-theoretic pragmatics the lower-level or first-order explicature is a propositional form resulting from a series of inferential developments of the logical form. It amounts to the message the speaker communicates explicitly. The higher-level or second-order explicature is a description of the speech act that the speaker performs, her affective attitude towards what she says or her epistemic stance to the communicated information. Information about the speaker’s affective attitude or epistemic stance need not solely be represented in the latter, though. It could be included as beliefs in the mental files of pragmatically adjusted conceptual representations featuring in lower-level explicatures. Those beliefs would originate as lexical pragmatic processes operate and their representation would be triggered by elements like evaluative morphemes, expressive expletives, insulting terms and evidential participles. Although they may be true or false in their own right, such beliefs would not affect the truth-conditional content of the expressed proposition.

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