The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a collateral effect on marginalized populations, including individuals in the sex trade (IST). In addition, the literature of the past year has documented a significant impact of the pandemic on healthcare providers. However, there is a lack of research on the new challenges and existing hardships facing aid organizations working with IST populations. This naturalistic qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 33 IST aid organization workers in Israel between May and July 2020 to capture their perceptions and experiences within broader social-relational contexts. Data analysis revealed that the pandemic impacted three different arenas: The assistance systems and the quality of care; The relationship between aid organizations and state authorities; and The intraorganizational and interorganizational relationship. These findings add to the knowledge about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on aid organizations, particularly the need for greater collaboration between aid organizations during health crises and governmental support for these organizations. In addition, the study highlights the opportunities that a global and local health crisis can create advancing new knowledge and practices used by aid organizations in their work to assist IST populations.
Public Policy Relevance StatementTo date, most of the research has focused on how the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic revealed the lack of protection for individuals in the sex trade (IST). However, little is known about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on aid organizations working with IST populations. This qualitative study aimed to assess the perceptions and experiences of IST aid organization workers in Israel during the pandemic. The pandemic revealed the strengths of organizational stability. But it also impaired the ability of aid organizations to help the IST population and forced them to quickly adapt to the new reality. We call upon policymakers to use the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to reconsider evidencebased reforms to existing laws and policies regarding IST aid organizations. aaa O n March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak to be a global pandemic. Since then, countries worldwide have faced four "waves" of the pandemic, with a total death rate (to date) of over 4.5 million people. According to Zhang et al. (2020), the health hazards posed by COVID-19 have led to the introduction of strict quarantine policies, movementrestrictions, and social distancing to prevent it from spreading. These have had an unprecedented impact on people of various social strata-both financially and in terms of numerous social and psychological challenges such as anxiety, severe stress, uncertainty, and poor mental health (