“…Notably, Stratonovich stochastic differential equations have found their striking applications in structural dynamics, hydrology, Helicopter rotor dynamics, satellite orbital stability, nemantic liquid crystal and fatigue cracking (see Kloeden and Platen, 1992: 264). Furthermore, the Stratonovich ‘bilinear’ stochastic differential equations have found applications in appealing practical problems, switched electrical networks and circuits, and helicopter rotor dynamics (see Kloeden and Platen, 1992: 261; and Terdik, 1990). Despite fecundity of bilinear stochastic differential equations in real physical systems, consensus on the Itô–Stratonovich dilemma (Mannella and McClintock, 2012), filtering of bilinear systems ‘embedded in the Stratonovich stochasticity’ remains unexplored.…”