Introduction to Special Issue on Primate Hybridization and Hybrid Zones

Cortés‐Ortiz, Liliana; Roos, Christian; Zinner, Dietmar

doi:10.1007/s10764-019-00076-z

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Genetic data will also help identify whether introgression has occurred consistently throughout the evolutionary history of these sympatric taxa, or has increased recently due to human-induced habitat loss. Hybridization can have a number of effects on evolution (Cortés-Ortiz 2019 ). On the one hand, introgression minimally affects parental populations if hybrids are infertile or have reduced fitness compared to parental species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-species associations and attempted mating suggest hybridization between purple-faced and tufted gray langurs of Sri Lanka

Sirimanna²,

Wijayathunga³

et al. 2020

Primates

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Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism of evolutionary change in the order Primates. Here, we present the first observational data supporting natural hybridization between the critically endangered purple-faced langur ( Semnopithecus vetulus philbricki ) and the threatened tufted gray langur ( Semnopithecus priam thersites ) in Kaludiyapokuna Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka. In one case study, we observed a long-term (> 1 year) mixed-species group consisting of one adult tufted gray langur male coexisting with seven adult purple-faced females. Although copulations were not observed, two infants were conceived during the male’s tenure, and the coat color of one of these infants transitioned into that intermediate between those of the two langur species. The tufted gray langur male was also aggressive toward extra-group males of both species, as well as towards purple-faced juveniles within his group. However, we never witnessed the male exhibiting aggression towards the infants conceived during his tenure. In a second case study, a female purple-faced langur visited and sexually solicited a tufted gray langur male in a known study group of this species over the course of 2 days, in what resembled a sexual consortship. Taken together, the observed mixed-species association and attempted interspecific mating suggest that hybridization is very likely in these sympatric species. Genetic data are needed to confirm and determine the extent of hybridization in the dry zone of Sri Lanka where purple-faced langurs live in sympatry with tufted gray langurs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-species associations and attempted mating suggest hybridization between purple-faced and tufted gray langurs of Sri Lanka

Sirimanna²,

Wijayathunga³

et al. 2020

Primates

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“…Deliberate and accidental relocations of species beyond their natural geographic ranges by humans may lead to the establishment of non-autochthonous populations and biological invasions within new geographic localities. Such introductions alter the ecological relationships among taxa, and in cases of closely related species, gene flow may occur due to hybridization [35,36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogenomic Phylogeny ofCallithrixwith Special Focus on Human Transferred Taxa

Malukiewicz

Cartwright

Curi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Callithrix marmosets are a relatively young non-human primate radiation, whose phylogeny is not yet fulllly resolved. These primates are naturally para- and allopatric, but three species with highly invasive potential have been introduced into the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest by the pet trade. There, these species hybridize with each other and endangered, native congeners. We aimed in this study to reconstruct a robust Callithrix phylogeny and divergence time estimates, as well as identify autochthonous and allochthonous Callithrix mitogenome lineages across Brazil. We sequenced 49 mitogenomes from four species (C. aurita, C. geoffroyi, C. jacchus, C. penicillata) and anthropogenic hybrids (C. aurita x Callithrix sp., C. penicillata x C. jacchus, Callithrix sp. x Callithrix sp., C. penicillata x C. geoffroyi) via Sanger and whole genome sequencing. We combined these data with previously published Callithrix mtDNA genomes to analyze five Callithrix species in total. Results We report the complete sequence and organization of the C. aurita mtDNA genome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that C. aurita was the first to diverge within Callithrix 3.54 million years ago (MYA), while C. jacchus and C. penicillata lineages diverged most recently 0.5 MYA as sister clades. MtDNA clades of C. aurita, C. geoffroyi, and C. penicillata show intraspecific geographic structure, but C. penicillata clades appear polyphyletic. Hybrids, which were identified by phenotype, possessed mainly C. penicillata or C. jacchus mtDNA plotypes. The geographic origins of mtDNA haplotypes from hybrid and allochthonous Callithrix were broadly distributed across natural Callithrix ranges. Our phylogenetic results also evidence introgression of C. jacchus mtDNA into C. aurita. Conclusion Our robust Callithrix mitogenome phylogeny shows C. aurita lineages as basal and C. jacchus lineages among the most recent within Callithrix. We provide the first evidence that parental mtDNA lineages of anthropogenic hybrid and allochtonous marmosets are broadly distributed inside and outside of the Atlantic Forest. We also show evidence of cryptic hybridization between allochthonous Callithrix and autochthonous C. aurita. Our results encouragingly show that further development of genomic resources will allow to more clearly elucidate Callithrix evolutionary relationships and understand the dynamics.

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“…Since hybridization and introgression is common among various primate taxa (Zinner et al, 2011;Cortes-Ortiz et al, 2019), the Ethiopian guerezas might also be affected, which would partially explain the different views regarding their taxonomy and delineation of subspecies (Yalden et al, 1977;Fashing and Oates, 2013). A thorough study based on ge-nomic data and a reassessment of their morphology would help to shed light on the internal phylogeny of C. guereza.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Colobus guereza gallarum a valid endemic Ethiopian taxon?

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza Rüppell, 1835) are arboreal Old World monkeys inhabiting large parts of the deciduous and evergreen forests of sub-Saharan Africa. Two of the eight subspecies of Colobus guereza are endemic to Ethiopia: C. g. gallarum and C. g. guereza. However, the validity of the Ethiopian taxa is debated and observed morphological differences were attributed to clinal variation within C. g. guereza. To date, no molecular phylogeny of the Ethiopian guerezas is available to facilitate their taxonomic classification. We used mitochondrial DNA markers from 94 samples collected across Ethiopia to reconstruct a phylogeny of respective mitochondrial lineages. In our phylogenetic reconstruction, augmented by orthologous sequence information of non-Ethiopian black-and-white colobus from GenBank, we found two major Ethiopian mitochondrial clades, with one being largely congruent with the distribution of C. g. guereza. The second clade was found only at two locations in the eastern part of the putative range of C. g. gallarum. This second lineage clustered with the lowland form, C. g. occidentalis, from central Africa, whereas the C. g. guereza lineages clustered with C. g. caudatus and C. g. kikuyuensis from Kenya and northern Tanzania. These two guereza lineages diverged around 0.7 million years ago. In addition, mitochondrial sequence information does not support unequivocally a distinction of C. g. caudatus and C. g. kikuyuensis. Our findings indicate a previous biogeographic connection between the ranges of C. g. occidentalis and C. g. gallarum and a possible secondary invasion of Ethiopia by members of the C. g. guereza–C. g. caudatus–C. g. kikuyuensis clade. Given these phylogenetic relationships, our study supports the two-taxa hypothesis, making C. g. gallarum an Ethiopian endemic, and, in combination with the taxon's very restricted range, makes it one of the most endangered subspecies of black-and-white colobus.

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Introduction to Special Issue on Primate Hybridization and Hybrid Zones

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Mixed-species associations and attempted mating suggest hybridization between purple-faced and tufted gray langurs of Sri Lanka

Mixed-species associations and attempted mating suggest hybridization between purple-faced and tufted gray langurs of Sri Lanka

Mitogenomic Phylogeny ofCallithrixwith Special Focus on Human Transferred Taxa

Is Colobus guereza gallarum a valid endemic Ethiopian taxon?

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