1995
DOI: 10.1142/2612
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Introduction to Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Cited by 26 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Each area was formed by a certain number of census sectors, which are small areas determined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), to optimize the data sampling [15]. To estimate the annual effective average dose (E outdoor ) value for the selected area [16,17], due to terrestrial radiation sources, an outdoor occupancy fraction of 0.2 [18] and a Sv/Gy conversion coefficient of 0.7 [1,12,18,19] were used for the calculation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Each area was formed by a certain number of census sectors, which are small areas determined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), to optimize the data sampling [15]. To estimate the annual effective average dose (E outdoor ) value for the selected area [16,17], due to terrestrial radiation sources, an outdoor occupancy fraction of 0.2 [18] and a Sv/Gy conversion coefficient of 0.7 [1,12,18,19] were used for the calculation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Natural radiation includes those from cosmic rays, cosmogenic radionuclides and terrestrial radiation, responsible for internal and external exposures. While internal exposures are due from the intake of radionuclides through ingestion or inhalation and also due to the 40 K normally existent in the human body, external exposures occur from primordial terrestrial radionuclides, mainly gamma emitters [1]. These last exposures depend on the radionuclide concentrations found in the soil and in building materials, mainly from the 238 U and 232 Th decay series.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diğer taraftan tıbbi teşhis ve tedavide de kullanım alanına sahip olan gama ışınları, kurşun ve baritli beton gibi yüksek yoğunluklu malzemelerle zırhlanmaktadır. Birkaç santimetre kalınlığındaki kurşundan geçebilecek enerjiye sahip doğal kaynaklı γ-ışınları, bulundukları ortamı dolaylı yoldan iyonize ederler (1 Katı veya sıvı numunelere ait doz hızı ölçümleri yapmak için cihaz ile birlikte özel olarak tasarlanmış bir numune tutucusu (numune değiştiricisi) kullanılmaktadır (Şekil 3). RadEye B20-ER ile brüt (gross) veya net sayım ölçümleri yapılabilir.…”
Section: Materyal-metotunclassified
“…Radyoaktif çekirdekler (radyonükleidler), bünyelerindeki fazla enerjiyi çeşitli mekanizmalarla kaybederek, yani radyasyon yayınlayarak kararlı hale geçme eğilimi gösterirler (1). Canlılar yaşamları boyunca, gerek doğal gerekse yapay radyasyon kaynakları nedeniyle kaçınılmaz bir biçimde iyonlaştırıcı tipteki radyasyona (alfa (α), beta (β) ve gama (γ) radyasyonlarına) maruz kalırlar.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…In the process of analysing accessible data on the are kerma rate constants and its precursos for many radionuclides often used in practice (Nachtigal, 1969;Ninkovic & Mladenovic, 1970;NCRP Rep. 49, 1976;Ungar & Trabey, 1982;Aird et al, 1984;Attix, 1986;Ninkovic, 1987;Wasserman & Groenwald, 1988;Ninkovic & Raicevic, 1992,1993Sabol & Weng, 1995;Ninkovic et al, 2005) it was concluded that published data are in strong disagreement. That is the reason we decided to recalculate this quantities on the basis of the latest data on gamma ray spectra and on the latest data for mass energy-transfer coefficients for air.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%