Introduction to pyrolysis–capillary gas chromatography

Wampler, Thomas P.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00921-2

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The interfacing of these two devices is therefore very 5 important. Several parameters for the pyrolyzer have been identified in order to achieve this [1]. The 6 pyrolyzer needs to heat the sample as instantaneously as possible to prevent drawn out transfer of the 7 pyrolyzates through the injection port.…”

Section: Types Of Pyrolyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal and environmental conditions, such as 15 temperature and additional reactants, can affect both the extent and route of degradation of a polymeric 16 material and the nature (physical and chemical) and quantity of molecular species generated by 17 pyrolysis. Molecular degradation of a sample will occur as soon as the temperature is high enough to 18 initiate bond breaking, but at this point will not necessarily yield much useful product [1]. With much 19 higher temperatures, other bonds will break simultaneously, creating very small and non-specific free 20 radicals.…”

Section: Importance Of Pyrolysis-gc Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degradation behaviour of the original polymer and the additive 36 will differ due to differences in their size, structure and composition therefore products generated from 37 additives are often overshadowed by products generated from the polymer itself. Pyrolysis products reflect the molecular structure, free radical stability, substitution and internal 47 rearrangements of the polymers constituting the sample material [1]. Thus, the degradation 48 mechanisms undertaken are dependent upon the structure and bond dissociation energies of the 49 polymers.…”

Section: Importance Of Pyrolysis-gc Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews on Py-GC instrumentation, methods and applications were 24 published by Wampler [1] The standard configuration of a pyrolysis-GC instrument has been discussed previously and largely 36 remains the same in that the pyrolysis device, or pyrolyzer, is interfaced with the analytical column of 37 the GC via the injection port [2]. A flow of inert gas, such as nitrogen or helium, flushes the 38 pyrolyzates into the column, where components are separated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A flow of inert gas, such as nitrogen or helium, flushes the 38 pyrolyzates into the column, where components are separated. As discussed by Wampler, capillary 39 columns offer the advantage over packed columns of higher resolution [1]. The detection method used 40…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography

Sobeih

Baron

Gonzalez-Rodriguez

2008

Journal of Chromatography A

145

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13 14 Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) has become well established as a simple, quick and reliable 15 analytical technique for a range of applications including the analysis of polymeric materials. Recent 16 developments in Py-GC technology and instrumentation include laser pyrolysis and non-discriminating 17 pyrolysis. Progress has also been made in the detection of low level polymer additives with the use of 18 novel Py-GC devices. Furthermore, it has been predicted that future advances in separation technology 19 such as the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography will further enhance the 20 analytical scope of Py-GC. 21 22

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Section: Types Of Pyrolyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Pyrolysis-gc Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Pyrolysis-gc Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography

Sobeih

Baron

Gonzalez-Rodriguez

2008

Journal of Chromatography A

145

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Plastics Testing

Furches¹

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Plastics testing covers analytical, thermal, physical, and environmental procedures for determining the composition, structure, as well as mechanical and other responses to a variety of environmental conditions of plastic materials. General uses of Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman, and X‐ray techniques are reviewed and illustrated with specific examples. Developments in neutron and X‐ray scattering techniques, as well as molecular weight determination techniques such as gel‐permeation chromatography and turbidimetric methods, are also covered. Thermal tests, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis are all useful for understanding degradation and phase changes in polymers and their influence on material behavior. New techniques of atomic force microscopy and positron annihilation are allowing studies of the microstructure of polymers and free volume determinations. Several mechanical testing techniques are used in plastics for normal quality control testing and initial application screening of polymers. These tests and those used for more fundamental understanding of polymer response to stress, including fracture mechanics procedures, are referenced. Flammability tests commonly used for plastics include oxygen index, flammability ratings, and smoke generation. Work on the use of cone calorimeters to characterize behavior of plastics under fire conditions is also covered. Finally, environmental testing, chemical exposure, weathering, radiation, and biological agents are reviewed. Emphasis is given to test development or applications reported since 1990.

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Forensic Analysis

Bartick¹,

Palenik²

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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This article is as an introduction to forensic applications of polymer analysis. The ubiquity of polymeric materials in our environment results in these items frequently being found at crime scenes and as the subject of civil cases and subsequently considered as evidentially important. This hybrid subject of forensic science, concerning both legal and scientific evaluation of polymeric materials, is introduced to combine both aspects. The article provides a brief introduction to how evidence is viewed from a legal perspective and an overview of analytical methods used in the forensic examination of evidence. Since microscopy and spectroscopy contribute the greatest amount of information in the least amount of time, they are emphasized in this work. Examples of casework are provided to illustrate the forensic process. Illustrations of fiber and paint analysis are provided to demonstrate the forensic approach of these two important categories of polymers that frequently serve as evidence in casework.

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Introduction to pyrolysis–capillary gas chromatography

Cited by 86 publications

References 82 publications

Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography

Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography

Plastics Testing

Forensic Analysis

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