Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics

Bieg, C.; Fuchsberger, Kai; Stelzle, Martin

doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9945-6

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Further improvements in the properties of ISEs such as ease of maintenance and miniaturization have been achieved by developing solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (SC‐ISE) . These merits are achievable because SC‐ISEs do not have any internal electrolyte solution that can be sensitive to elevated temperature and pressure or to changes in orientation . Partially or semi‐oxidized conducting polymers doped with small anions are electroactive anion‐exchangers giving a (non‐selective) anionic potentiometric response .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐contact Acetate‐selective Electrode Based on a 1,3‐bis(carbazolyl)urea‐ionophore

et al. 2019

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The construction and study of solid‐contact acetate‐selective electrodes is described using a 1,3‐bis(carbazolyl)urea derivative as a neutral hydrogen‐bonding ionophore and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as the solid contact. It was shown recently that this ionophore binds acetate (logKass=4.98) that is used as primary ion in this study. The electrodes show linearity over the activity range of 10−4.50–10−1.10 with a sub‐Nernstian slope of −51.3 mV per decade and a detection limit of 10−5.00. The anion‐selectivity pattern of these electrodes deviates markedly from the Hofmeister pattern. When adding ionophore to the membrane the logarithm of the selectivity coefficient (logK) for SCN− decreased from 6.5 to 1.2, logK for I− decreased from 5.7 to 0.9, logK for NO3− decreased from 4.3 to 0.6 and logK for Br− decreased from 3.3 to 0.1. The selectivity coefficients of hydrophilic anions such as Cl−, F−, HPO42−, and SO42− are significantly lower than in case of the ionophore‐free membrane. It was discovered that the constructed electrodes are also relatively selective to bicarbonate. This work is an important step towards the further development of solid‐contact anion‐selective electrodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐contact Acetate‐selective Electrode Based on a 1,3‐bis(carbazolyl)urea‐ionophore

et al. 2019

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“…While this material has proven to be highly versatile, limitations remain such as poor control over pink noise or 1 / f noise, high impedance, issues with water layer formation, and the high de‐solvation energy required for recognition of hydrophilic anions. Furthermore, these membranes are prone to fouling by biomolecules and cells, which often causes issues in analysis in biological media . Because of these limitations, significant research has been devoted to find alternative polymeric substrates, such as polyurethane , conductive polymers such as PANI and polypyrrole , and ion‐exchange polymers such as Nafion® (from now on simply Nafion) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IonSens: A Wearable Potentiometric Sensor Patch for Monitoring Total Ion Content in Sweat

2018

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A sensor for monitoring total ion activity is described, and its performance as a wearable device for monitoring the total ion levels of sweat is evaluated. The sensor works by tracking changes in the Donnan potential generated across a Nafion® membrane. This cation‐exchange polymer was cast on a paper coated with carbon‐ink, making the platform elegantly simple. Analytical parameters during calibration in aqueous solution include a sensitivity of 56.3±1.0 mV/dec.a(Na+) and a standard deviation between standard electrode potentials of 5.3 mV (N=5) for first time use. By integrating a paper‐based pseudo‐reference electrode, a miniature disposable electrochemical cell (the “IonSens” device) was created and demonstrated as a wearable sensor. Potentiometric measurements estimating the total ion activities were validated against conductivity measurements. Recoveries of eleven raw sweat samples were determined to be 95.2±6.6 % (n=3). The perspiration conductivity profile of an athlete during exercise was monitored in real‐time and visualized on a mobile phone application connected via Bluetooth®. The excellent reproducibility of the electrode without any conditioning is noteworthy and lends itself to applications including – but not limited to – the monitoring of total ion activity in sweat.

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“…[23][24][25][26] Selectivity in ion sensors is achieved by employing an ionselective membrane (ISM) that contains ionophores in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. [27] The ionophores interact selectively and reversibly with target ions to form complexes, [28] which provides the ion selectivity. Bulky lipophilic ions (so called "ionic sites") are also embedded in the membrane to facilitate exchange of the target ions while blocking ions of opposite charge through the Donnan exclusion effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabricated Ion‐Selective Transistors with Fast and Super‐Nernstian Response

et al. 2020

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Transistor‐based ion sensors have evolved significantly, but the best‐performing ones rely on a liquid electrolyte as an internal ion reservoir between the ion‐selective membrane and the channel. This liquid reservoir makes sensor miniaturization difficult and leads to devices that are bulky and have limited mechanical flexibility, which is holding back the development of high‐performance wearable/implantable ion sensors. This work demonstrates microfabricated ion‐selective organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with a transconductance of 4 mS, in which a thin polyelectrolyte film with mobile sodium ions replaces the liquid reservoir. These devices are capable of selective detection of various ions with a fast response time (≈1 s), a super‐Nernstian sensitivity (85 mV dec−1), and a high current sensitivity (224 µA dec−1), comparing favorably to other ion sensors based on traditional and emerging materials. Furthermore, the ion‐selective OECTs are stable with highly reproducible sensitivity even after 5 months. These characteristics pave the way for new applications in implantable and wearable electronics.

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Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics

Cited by 61 publications

References 133 publications

Solid‐contact Acetate‐selective Electrode Based on a 1,3‐bis(carbazolyl)urea‐ionophore

Solid‐contact Acetate‐selective Electrode Based on a 1,3‐bis(carbazolyl)urea‐ionophore

IonSens: A Wearable Potentiometric Sensor Patch for Monitoring Total Ion Content in Sweat

Microfabricated Ion‐Selective Transistors with Fast and Super‐Nernstian Response

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