Introduction to Plant Pathology

Agrios, George N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-044563-9.50005-0

Cited by 198 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Generally, plant defense systems against pathogenic attacks can be separated into two parts: structural defenses, including wax, epidermal cell walls, thick-walled cells, formation of abscission layers, tyloses and chemical defenses, including antibiotic production and lignifications (Agrios 2004). In this study, building on previous work by Ichihara and Yamaji (2009), we circumstantially clarified the chemical defense of F. crenata seedlings growing under sufficient illumination conditions such as that found in the forest-edge plot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Epicatechin has been reported to inhibit lipoxygenase, which inactivates high antifungal dienes against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides during the ripening period of avocado (Prusky et al 1985;Prusky and Keen 1993;Schlö sser 1994). Plant cells stressed by pathogens form free radicals and these radicals lead to severe damage of tissues (Agrios 2004). Flavan-3-ols, including catechin and epicatechin, have been reported to show even better antioxidative and radical-scavenging activities than those of vitamins, ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol and other phenolics (Feucht and Treutter 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological observations showed that phenolics were distributed in the outer parts of the living tissue and in the dead epidermal tissue layer of hypocotyls of seedlings in the forestedge plot. Generally, several phenolics have been found to show antibiotic activity and inhibit pathogen attacks (Waterman and Mole 1994;Agrios 2004). Therefore, seedlings in the forest-edge plot seem to defend themselves against pathogenic attack, by increasing the amount of phenolic compounds (chemical defense) and forming periderm (structural defense).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of catechin and epicatechin in chemical defense against damping‐off fungi of current‐year Fagus crenata seedlings in natural forest

Yamaji

Ichihara

2011

Forest Pathology

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Current-year Fagus crenata seedlings survive damping-off in the forest-edge plot compared to those in the closed-stand plot. Greater illumination found in the forest-edge plot is likely to influence the defense of seedlings against pathogenic attack, by increasing the amount of phenolic compounds and forming periderm. This study aimed to clarify the chemical defense system by (i) isolation of antifungal compounds from seedling hypocotyls in the forest-edge plot, (ii) quantification of antifungal compounds in hypocotyls in the forest-edge and closed-stand plots, (iii) estimation of their antifungal activities against Cylindrocarpon sp. and Colletotrichum dematium and (iv) clarification of localization of phenolics in the hypocotyl tissues. Catechin and epicatechin were isolated as antifungal compounds showing inhibition of microconidia germination of Cylindrocarpon sp. and mycelial growth of Cylindrocarpon sp. and C. dematium. In the beginning of July when damping-off was the most severe in the closed-stand plot, the total amount of catechin and epicatechin in the forest-edge seedlings was approximately three times greater than that in the closed-stand seedlings. Flavan-3-ols, including catechin and epicatechin, were distributed mainly in the epidermal tissue on June 1 and in cortical tissues on June 15 and July 6, all from plants harvested from the forest-edge plot. We conclude that F. crenata could survive damping-off through chemical defense via catechin and epicatechin production and its distribution in seedling hypocotyls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of catechin and epicatechin in chemical defense against damping‐off fungi of current‐year Fagus crenata seedlings in natural forest

Yamaji

Ichihara

2011

Forest Pathology

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“…Plant pathogenic fungi cause severe crop damages both at early developmental stages to post-harvest stages. A range of fungal genera is responsible for the compromise in crop production and other aspects including nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics, and reduced shelf life (Agrios 2004). Simultaneously, fungi are also indirectly responsible for allergic or toxic disorders among consumers because of molecules production which is characterized as allergens or mycotoxins (Harris et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bioactive molecule 5-β-Hydroxyltridecanyl benzoate identified in Pedalium Murex L. (Gokhru) fruit extracts showed antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Chaudhary¹,

Kaushik

Reddy³

2018

Preprint

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Fruits of Pedalium murex known as, ‘Gokhru’ is predominantly used in Ayurveda for its aphrodisiac properties and use in treatment of urological orders. However till now, bioactivity of this fruit has not been documented for plant protection against phytopathogenes, Hence in this regard, we investigated antimicrobial activity of P. murex fruit extracts (isolated from the different agro climatic zones of India) were tested against twelve microbial phytopathogens. From 29 fruit extracts, only 13 were found to be active against three pathogens viz. Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Among the nine TLC fractions only one showed presence of a single peak, thus presence of a single compound in the crude extract. Based on lower IC50 value (328 μg/ml) the crude fruit extract collected from Indore region was further characterized. Evaluation against screened phytopathogens indicates its activity. Further, structural characterization of this compound using FTIR and NMR revealed it to be a novel compound i.e. 5-β-Hydroxyl tridecanyl benzoate. Our study paves a way to investigate effective dose of P. murex fruit extracts to utilize in plant protection programs. In future, a better method is required to scale up the process of bioactive molecule (5-β-Hydroxyl tridecayl benzoate) extraction from P. murex or for its chemical synthesis.

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“…Fusarium spp. are common soil saprophytes and plant pathogens (Agrios 1988). The genus is also reported to be the cause of opportunistic infections in human immunocompromised patients (Guarro and Gene 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and Resistance of Fusarium spp. to the Manzamine Alkaloids via a Putative Retro Pictet-Spengler Reaction and Utility of the Rational Design of Antimalarial and Antifungal Agents

et al. 2014

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As a part of our continuing investigation of the manzamine alkaloids we studied the in vitro activity of the β-carboline containing manzamine alkaloids against Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporium, and Fusarium proliferatum by employing several bioassay techniques including one-dimensional direct bioautography, dilution, and plate susceptibility, and microtiter broth assays. In addition, we also studied the metabolism of the manzamine alkaloids by Fusarium spp. in order to facilitate the redesign of the compounds to prevent resistance of Fusarium spp. through metabolism. The present research reveals that the manzamine alkaloids are inactive against Fusarium spp. and the fungi transform manzamines via hydrolysis, reduction, and a retro Pictet-Spengler reaction. This is the first report to demonstrate an enzymatically retro Pictet-Spengler reaction. The results of this study reveal the utility of the rational design of metabolically stable antifungal agents from this class and the development of manzamine alkaloids as antimalarial drugs through the utilization of Fusarium’s metabolic products to reconstruct the molecule.

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Introduction to Plant Pathology

Cited by 198 publications

References 52 publications

The role of catechin and epicatechin in chemical defense against damping‐off fungi of current‐year Fagus crenata seedlings in natural forest

The role of catechin and epicatechin in chemical defense against damping‐off fungi of current‐year Fagus crenata seedlings in natural forest

A novel bioactive molecule 5-β-Hydroxyltridecanyl benzoate identified in Pedalium Murex L. (Gokhru) fruit extracts showed antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Metabolism and Resistance of Fusarium spp. to the Manzamine Alkaloids via a Putative Retro Pictet-Spengler Reaction and Utility of the Rational Design of Antimalarial and Antifungal Agents

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