Introduction to Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Bueche, F.; Dunnam, F.E.

doi:10.1119/1.1976308

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…The video footage of each specimen was reviewed to examine the consistency of fracture propagation pattern and compare it with the biomechanical predictions of butterfly fracture formation. A Biometrics Ltd. DataLINK (Newport, Caerphilly, U.K.); the authors have no financial interest) accelerometer was used to record the anvil acceleration, which was ultimately used to calculate the impact force magnitude (27). Prior to calculating force magnitude, each signal was filtered at 100 Hz using a first-order Butterworth low-pass filter in order to account for small shifts in the accelerometer's placement due to impact vibrations.…”

Section: Pendulum Impact Machine and Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Injury Mechanisms of Blunt Force Trauma from Butterfly Fracture Formation

Reber

Simmons

2015

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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According to biomechanics of fracture production during blunt impact, tubular bones are subject to compressive (impact site) and tensile (opposite impact site) forces; this causes bones to break in tension before compression, producing Y-shaped fracture patterns with breakaway (butterfly) fragments. In current forensic models, the side of the bone exhibiting the breakaway fragment is designated the impact side, with initial breakage occurring opposite. Fracture production and patterning of blunt impacts to 255 sheep femora were analyzed. Contra the existing model, only 60% of complete butterfly fractures exhibited impact side breakaway fragments. Although fractures initiated on the tension, nonimpact side, butterfly fragments formed on either compression or tension sides. Using newly defined breakaway fragment shape criteria, impact side was estimated with 98% accuracy for both complete and partial butterfly fractures. Furthermore, the results suggest that the impact site is the located on one of the Y-fracture's arms, not the butterfly fragment's center, as previously modeled.

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Section: Pendulum Impact Machine and Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Injury Mechanisms of Blunt Force Trauma from Butterfly Fracture Formation

Reber

Simmons

2015

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…It is well known that the field of a spherical shell of charge is zero inside the shell and that of a point charge at the origin outside the shell [21]. See Thus, for a nucleus of charge Z , the force balance equation for the electron orbitsphere is obtained by equating the forces on the mass and charge densities.…”

Section: Determination Of Orbitsphere Radii R Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Considerations

Belie¹

2012

RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports

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“…Force was plotted as a function of distance. In theory, a coil spring should behave according to Hooke's law, a principle of physics that states that the force needed to compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance . Thus, a linear relationship between force and change in length x can be written as F = κ*x + F0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%