Studies of growth and development in Japan since 1900 and especially after World War II are summarized in several topical areas: physical growth, development of physical fitness, longitudinal and allometric studies, dental development, skeletal maturation, studies of twins, growth of various groups of Japanese, i.e., Ainu children, children of Okinawa, Japanese Americans and Japanese‐American hybrids, and the secular trend. In general, Japanese growth and development are somewhat delayed compared to Americans and Europeans until childhood, but then develop more rapidly, reaching maturity at almost the same time. The secular trends for acceleration in growth and an increase in stature are observed in Japanese during these eight decades. More recently, the secular trends seem to be arriving at its final stage.