Introduction to Nutraceutical Vitamins

Surana, Khemchand R.; Ahire, Eknath D.; Patil, Shital J.; Mahajan, Sunil K.; Patil, Dhananjay M.; Sonawane, Deepak D.

doi:10.1002/9781394175543.ch1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the past, researchers quantitatively assessed VB 12 absorption rates using radioactive labeling of the corrinoid ring's cobalt molecule of this vitamin, with cobalt isotopes like 57 Co, 58 Co, or 60 Co. Two main methods were employed: one involved assessing absorption by calculating the unrecovered isotope in feces after administering a labeled VB 12 dose, while the other measured whole-body retention of an oral dose once the unabsorbed isotope had been excreted in feces. Both methods offered a quantitative estimation of VB 12 absorption, expressed as the percentage of the administered dose absorbed [49].…”

Section: Absorption Mechanism and Bioavailability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of methylmalonic acid can interfere with DNA replication and cell division, particularly in rapidly dividing cells like red blood cell precursors. The inability to properly metabolize methylmalonic acid can contribute to the development of megaloblastic anemia, characterized by large, immature red blood cells [56][57][58]. On the other hand, VB 12 is also crucial for the appropriate metabolism of folate (vitamin B 9 ), which is required to synthesize DNA and its precursors.…”

Section: Health Benefits and Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Dietary Sources, Health Benefits, Emerging Encapsulation Methods, Food Fortification, and New Sensor-Based Monitoring of Vitamin B12: A Critical Review

Gharibzahedi,

Moghadam,

Amft

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In this overview, the latest achievements in dietary origins, absorption mechanism, bioavailability assay, health advantages, cutting-edge encapsulation techniques, fortification approaches, and innovative highly sensitive sensor-based detection methods of vitamin B12 (VB12) were addressed. The cobalt-centered vitamin B is mainly found in animal products, posing challenges for strict vegetarians and vegans. Its bioavailability is highly influenced by intrinsic factor, absorption in the ileum, and liver reabsorption. VB12 mainly contributes to blood cell synthesis, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health, and potentially reduces anemia and optic neuropathy. Microencapsulation techniques improve the stability and controlled release of VB12. Co-microencapsulation of VB12 with other vitamins and bioactive compounds enhances bioavailability and controlled release, providing versatile initiatives for improving bio-functionality. Nanotechnology, including nanovesicles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles can enhance the delivery, stability, and bioavailability of VB12 in diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial agents to skincare and oral insulin delivery. Staple food fortification with encapsulated and free VB12 emerges as a prominent strategy to combat deficiency and promote nutritional value. Biosensing technologies, such as electrochemical and optical biosensors, offer rapid, portable, and sensitive VB12 assessment. Carbon dot-based fluorescent nanosensors, nanocluster-based fluorescent probes, and electrochemical sensors show promise for precise detection, especially in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

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