Introduction to Nonparametric Statistics for the Biological Sciences Using R

MacFarland, Thomas W.; Yates, Jan M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30634-6

Cited by 153 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…The data set for AGC with the fallow phase considered as a single factor, and the other dependent variables, all fulfilled ANOVA assumptions (one-way ANOVA). Soil carbon and AGC analyzed as three separate fallow phases, and AGC with fallow phases as a group did not meet the ANOVA assumptions and so the KruskalWallis One-Way ANOVA on Ranks was run instead, reporting the Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared approximation values (MacFarland and Yates 2016). In order to identify the treatments which are responsible for significant variation, two type of post hoc test were performed, a Tukey's HSD when distribution was normal and pairwise comparisons using Tukey and Kramer (Nemenyi) test with Tukey-Dist approximation for independent samples when the distribution was non-normal.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon emissions from dryland shifting cultivation: a case study of Mexican tropical dry forest

Salinas-Melgoza¹,

Skutsch²,

Lovett³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Under REDD+, shifting cultivation should be considered degradation rather than deforestation.• Carbon stocks in old fallows (>20 years) are higher than those in old growth forests which have never been used for shifting cultivation.• Extending length of fallows increases rates of carbon emissions.• Shortened fallow cycles result in higher carbon stocks and lower emissions at the landscape level.• Cycle lengths could be optimized for carbon sequestration in a land sharing approach. AbstractThe article considers the relation of shifting cultivation to deforestation and degradation, and hence its impacts in terms of carbon emissions and sequestration potential. There is a need to understand these relationships better in the context of international policy on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). The article reviews the way in which shifting cultivation has been incorporated in global and national estimations of carbon emissions, and assembles the available information on shifting cultivation in Tropical Dry Forests (TDF) in Mexico, where it is widely practiced. It then takes the case of two villages, Tonaya and El Temazcal, which lie within the basin of the River Ayuquila in Jalisco, Mexico. Field data for the typical carbon stocks and fluxes associated with shifting cultivation are compared with stocks and fluxes associated with more intensive agricultural production in the same dry tropical forest area to highlight the carbon sequestration dynamics associated with the shortening and potential lengthening of the fallow cycles. The biomass density in the shifting cultivation system observed can reach levels similar to that of old growth forests, with old fallows (>20 years) having higher carbon stocks than old growth forests. Per Mg of maize produced, the biomass-related emissions from shifting cultivation in the traditional 12 year cycle are about three times those from permanent cultivation. We did not, however, take into account the additional emissions from inputs that result from the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the case of permanent agriculture. Shortening of the fallow cycle, which is occurring in the study area as a result of government subsidies, results in higher remaining stocks of carbon and lower emissions at the landscape level.

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Section: Statistical Analysis Of Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon emissions from dryland shifting cultivation: a case study of Mexican tropical dry forest

Salinas-Melgoza¹,

Skutsch²,

Lovett³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…If normality was supported, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences among sites. In contrast, when the data were not normally distributed, a Kruskal and Wallis test was used [23,24,25,26]. Finally, an Exact Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test was implemented to test for pairwise differences between sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Avian Malaria in An Inter-Andean Dry Forest of Imbabura Province in Ecuador

Spencer

Tellkamp

Vispo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Hematozoa of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria in birds, and are frequently found in passerines. They are characterized by particularly small meronts and elongated gametocytes in peripheral blood. Although the disease is not fatal, it affects reproductive success and, therefore, the biodiversity of the birds, so it is a necessity to know the species of birds that are infected. Methods: The presence of Plasmodium in passerine birds were investigated in three locations in the inter-Andean dry forest of the province of Imbabura in Ecuador. Prevalence and parasitaema were determined by light microscopy of blood smears and was confirmed by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes protein 1 of merozoite surface (MSP-1). Results: The percentage of prevalence and parasitaemia in the bird species captured in the three locations was determined and was related to the elevation and presence of bodies of water in the studied areas. A 100% prevalence was found at the lowest site but decreased with elevation and the absence of nearby water bodies. The IFA test supported the identity of the Plasmodium parasite. Discussion: This study shows that bird species are highly parasitized in the dry forest of Imbabura and underscores the influence elevation and the presence of water as a possible source proliferation of the vector insects. As elevation increases, prevalence and parasitaemia decrease. Besides, we present a useful new diagnostic tool, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes Plasmodium protein MSP-1, which is highly conserved among the species of this parasite.

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“…Based on descriptive statistics (Table 2) and visual inspection of the distributions, we considered the distribution of scores on each rubric element and the total score approximately normal. While this judgment satisfies the statistical assumptions for parametric statistics, the limited outcomes on each rubric element led us to apply non-parametric statistical tests which are more appropriate for nominal data (Aron, Aron, & Coups, 2009;MacFarland & Yates, 2016). Differences between the integrated and non-integrated course on each rubric element were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Integrating Introductory Composition, Communication, and Design Thinking Courses

Chesley

Coots

Jackson

et al. 2019

JTE

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Much recent STEM research indicates that course integration improves the student learning experience and fosters stronger connections among concepts and skills; this study attempts to evaluate whether or not students learn the design process more fully in the integrated version of a required first-year course, Design Thinking in Technology. Drawing from an ongoing assessment of an Integrated First-Year Experience at Purdue University, this article reports on the challenges of teaching design thinking and analyzes whether students in an interdisciplinary course integration can demonstrate the work of their design processes more completely and effectively compared to students in a nonintegrated version of the course. We employ a modified version of the Engineering Design Process Portfolio Scoring Rubric (EDPPSR) as a method of evaluating students' design portfolios. Our initial and follow-up analyses show that students in both versions of the course struggle to complete design journal assignments satisfactorily. We assess and analyze the impact of STEMhumanities integration on students' abilities to document and contextualize the design process using journals, and also offer discussion and suggestions about our findings.

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Introduction to Nonparametric Statistics for the Biological Sciences Using R

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

Carbon emissions from dryland shifting cultivation: a case study of Mexican tropical dry forest

Carbon emissions from dryland shifting cultivation: a case study of Mexican tropical dry forest

Evaluation of Avian Malaria in An Inter-Andean Dry Forest of Imbabura Province in Ecuador

The Impacts of Integrating Introductory Composition, Communication, and Design Thinking Courses

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