Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

Patel, Jayvadan K.; Patel, Anita; Bhatia, Deepak

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50703-9_1

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Top-down approaches are suitable for synthesizing thin films and nanoparticles >100 nm in size that harbors distinct properties compared with their bulk counterparts. Top-down methods are considered superior for electronic circuitry fabrication because they allow integration and interconnection [153,154]. The resolution limit of the existing technology is still the major disadvantage of top-down approaches [155].…”

Section: Classification Of Synthesis Methods Based On the Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Natural, Incidental, Bioinspired, and Engineered Nanomaterials: History, Definitions, Classifications, Synthesis, Properties, Market, Toxicities, Risks, and Regulations

et al. 2022

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Nanomaterials are becoming important materials in several fields and industries thanks to their very reduced size and shape-related features. Scientists think that nanoparticles and nanostructured materials originated during the Big Bang process from meteorites leading to the formation of the universe and Earth. Since 1990, the term nanotechnology became very popular due to advances in imaging technologies that paved the way to specific industrial applications. Currently, nanoparticles and nanostructured materials are synthesized on a large scale and are indispensable for many industries. This fact fosters and supports research in biochemistry, biophysics, and biochemical engineering applications. Recently, nanotechnology has been combined with other sciences to fabricate new forms of nanomaterials that could be used, for instance, for diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems, energy generation/storage, environmental remediation as well as agriculture and food processing. In contrast with traditional materials, specific features can be integrated into nanoparticles, nanostructures, and nanosystems by simply modifying their scale, shape, and composition. This article first summarizes the history of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Followed by the progress that led to improved synthesis processes to produce different nanoparticles and nanostructures characterized by specific features. The content finally presents various origins and sources of nanomaterials, synthesis strategies, their toxicity, risks, regulations, and self-aggregation.

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Section: Classification Of Synthesis Methods Based On the Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Natural, Incidental, Bioinspired, and Engineered Nanomaterials: History, Definitions, Classifications, Synthesis, Properties, Market, Toxicities, Risks, and Regulations

et al. 2022

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“…NMs refer to materials with at least one dimension in the nanoscale range (1-100 nm), constituting a new generation of materials composed of NPs with dimensions between atoms, molecules, and macroscopic systems [28]. The moderate size of NMs, larger than most "small molecule" drugs, allows for prolonged circulation time without vessel blockage, thereby enhancing the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of various drugs [29]. Reports have demonstrated the preparation of a series of graphene oxide (GO) samples with different lateral dimensions, validating that smaller NMs are more likely to be absorbed by cells, offering significant advantages when specific molecules face challenges penetrating cells [30].…”

Section: Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in Medicine: Understanding Cellular Uptake, Localization, and Retention for Enhanced Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

Peng,

Yang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Aging and disease

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Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising tools for disease diagnosis and therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties. To maximize the effectiveness and design of NMs-based medical applications, it is essential to comprehend the complex mechanisms of cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention. This review illuminates the various pathways that NMs take to get from the extracellular environment to certain intracellular compartments by investigating the various mechanisms that underlie their interaction with cells. The cellular uptake of NMs involves complex interactions with cell membranes, encompassing endocytosis, phagocytosis, and other active transport mechanisms. Unique uptake patterns across cell types highlight the necessity for customized NMs designs. After internalization, NMs move through a variety of intracellular routes that affect where they are located subcellularly. Understanding these pathways is pivotal for enhancing the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging probes. Furthermore, the cellular retention of NMs plays a critical role in sustained therapeutic efficacy and long-term imaging capabilities. Factors influencing cellular retention include nanoparticle size, surface chemistry, and the cellular microenvironment. Strategies for prolonging cellular retention are discussed, including surface modifications and encapsulation techniques. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention of NMs is essential for advancing their application in disease diagnosis and therapy. This review provides insights into the intricate interplay between NMs and biological systems, offering a foundation for the rational design of next-generation nanomedicines.

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“…Nanomaterials are materials that have at least one dimension in nanoscale which gives them unique physico-chemical properties [9]. There are different types of nanomaterials used as additive components in the design of nanocomposites.…”

Section: Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-enabled smart and functional materials toward human well-being and sustainable developments

Rajeev,

Yin,

Kalambate

et al. 2024

Nanotechnology

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Fabrication and operation on increasingly smaller dimensions have been highly integrated with the development of smart and functional materials; they are key to many technological innovations to meet economic and societal needs. Along with many researchers worldwide, the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) has long realized the synergetic interplays between nanotechnology and functional materials and designated “Smart & Functional Materials” as one of its four major research themes. Thus far, WIN researchers have utilized the properties of smart polymers, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites to develop active materials, membranes, films, adhesives, coatings, and devices with novel and improved properties and capabilities. In this review article, we aim to highlight some of the recent developments on the subject including our own research and key research literature in the context of the UN Sustainability development goals.

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Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

Cited by 20 publications

References 105 publications

Review on Natural, Incidental, Bioinspired, and Engineered Nanomaterials: History, Definitions, Classifications, Synthesis, Properties, Market, Toxicities, Risks, and Regulations

Review on Natural, Incidental, Bioinspired, and Engineered Nanomaterials: History, Definitions, Classifications, Synthesis, Properties, Market, Toxicities, Risks, and Regulations

Nanomaterials in Medicine: Understanding Cellular Uptake, Localization, and Retention for Enhanced Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

Nano-enabled smart and functional materials toward human well-being and sustainable developments

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