Introduction to Microbiology

Baker, F.J.; Silverton, R.E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-00154-1.50024-5

“…Blood samples were collected from four chicks from each replicate (12 samples/treatment) from jugular vein at the age of 18 weeks from the brachial vein thereafter and placed in heparinized (0.5 mL), EDTA (1 mL), and nonadditive (3 mL) blood collection tubes, after collection were taken to the laboratory in Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, The blood was analyzed before and after each experimental session on all of the days of the experiment by placing the blood samples in a coagulant tube and centrifuging for 5 minutes at approximately 6000 rpm/min for the determination of hematological traits Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), and White Blood Cells (BWC) Platelets, heterophil, lymphocytes and percentage of heterophil/lymphocytes (H/L) [10]. Blood samples for serum analysis after clotting were centrifuged at 3,500 rpm in the laboratory using Gallenkamp laboratory centrifuge in order to obtain the serum.…”

Section: Blood Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of The Critical Period and Gene Silencing on Blood Cellular Traits in Local Chicken and Level of Welfare

Jebur,

Abdulateef

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The study aimed to tame the ferocious local chickens and calm them down by changing the behavioral or genetic factors and improving the blood traits that are reflected in the level of welfare. 144 one-day-old chicks were used from local chickens White and (36) broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into six treatments with four replicates for each treatment (24 chicks for treatment, 6 chicks for replicates) as follows: T1 was a control treatment consisting of 24 local chicks, T2 welfare treatment consisting of 24 local chicks,T3 consisted of 25% broilers + 75% local chicks, T4 consisted of 50% broilers + 50% local chicks, and T5 consisted of From 75% broiler chickens + 25% local chicks, and T6 siRNA consisting of 24 local chicks White, was using silencing of the corticosterone hormone pathway to the (CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 genes) by injected in the jugular vein at the age of 16 and 18 weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), and White Blood Cells (BWC).and significant improvement (P≤0.05) in Platelets for T6 compared with other treatments, a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of heterophil /lymphocytes for T6 compared to other treatments. That there is an effect of the critical period and gene silencing on blood traits that have a final effect on the level of welfare chickens.

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“…Isolates were phenotypically identified using biochemical test (Biomérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) as previously described by APHA (2018), Cheesbrough (2012), Burkhard et al (2004), andBaker et al (2001).…”

Section: Biochemical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Plasmid Mediated Drugs Resistance among Wound Bacterial Infection Obtained from Patients Attending some Hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria

Y.A.¹,

Yusha’u²,

A.S.³

et al. 2023

African Journal of Biology and Medical Research

0

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This study was carried out to evaluate the plasmid mediated drugs resistance among wound bacteria isolates obtained from (352 swabs specimens) patients attending some hospitals in Kano State (National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Bichi General Hospital and Wudil General Hospital). Swab specimens were obtained aseptically using the randomized sampling method and cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar media and incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 24 hours. Result showed that two hundred and twelve (212, 60.23%) out of 352 harbors some bacteria, which consist of six different species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptocoocus pyogenes) as isolated from wound swabs specimens. S. aureus (39%) and S. pyogenes (7%) showed the highest and the lowest prevalences respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar, where 140 (66%) isolates were susceptible while 72 (34%) isolates were resistant. Bacteria isolates exhibited the highest resistance to Cefixime, Azithromycin and Erythromycin and least resistance to Ciprofloxacin (most effective/active) among the antibiotics used. The resistant isolates were subjected to curing experiment. Plasmid detection and isolation showed that out of 72 resistant isolates, 49 contain plasmids which accounts for 68%. After plasmid curing and second sensitivity test, 38 (78%) isolates that were initially resistant becomesusceptible to the same antibiotics used. Hence, post plasmid-curing sensitivity test revealed increased susceptibility pattern of isolates to the previously used antibiotics. This indicates that plasmid-borne multidrug resistant gene had been denatured by the sodium dodecyl sulfate used as the curing agent. Therefore, this study justifies the need to encourage infection control, and proper treatment to prevent the spread and re-emergence of plasmid-mediated drugs resistant bacteria.

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“…Using the catalase assay kit of the solar bio (life science) company (catalogue number BC0200), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kit of the solar bio (life science) company (catalogue number BC0170), and the reduced glutathione of the Elabscience company, a spectrophotometer with model number 721 was used to carry out spectrophotometric analysis. The tissues were processed as described by Barker and Silverton [24].…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocytic, Enzymatic, and Histological Markers of Oxidative Stress in Subacute and Chronic Stage Infections in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Abubakar

¹

,

Dabo

²

2023

Disease Markers

1

0

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Trypanosomiasis is a complex of diseases caused by a haemoprotozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance. One of the leading factors that cause morbidity and death in trypanosomiasis is oxidative stress. The oxidative stress biomarkers in trypanosomiasis at the subacute and chronic stages of infection were investigated in this study. A total of twenty-four Wistar rats were used; the animals were placed in two groups: group A (subacute and chronic) and group B (control). The weight and body temperature of the experimental animals were determined using a digital weighing balance and thermometer. A hematology analyzer was used to determine the erythrocyte indices. Spectrophotometry was used to estimate enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) activities in the serum, kidney, and liver of experimental animals. Liver, kidney, and spleen were harvested and analyzed for histological changes. The mean body weight of the infected decreased compared to the control ( P < 0.05 ). The mean body temperature of infected individuals increased (35–37°C) compared to the control ( P < 0.05 ). The erythrocyte indices of the infected and control groups indicate a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ). In erythrocyte indices, only MCHC indicated a nonsignificant decrease ( P > 0.05 ). The SOD of serum shows a significant increase ( P < 0.05 ), and no significant increase SOD ( P > 0.05 ) in kidney and the liver SOD indicates a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ). The serum, kidney, and liver show a significant increase ( P < 0.05 ) in CAT. The serum GSH from the findings indicates a nonsignificant increase ( P > 0.05 ), and the kidney and liver GSH shows a significant increase ( P < 0.05 ). The correlation analysis for SOD shows nonsignificant negative correlation for serum/kidney, and the serum/liver and kidney/liver show significant positive correlation. The result of CAT shows significant correlations for serum and kidney, serum and liver, and kidney/liver with a positive correlation. The GSH result shows no significant negative correlation for serum/kidney and no significant positive correlation for serum/liver and kidney/liver. The histological damage in the kidney, liver, and spleen was much higher in the chronic stage than in the subacute stage and no tissue damage in the control group. In conclusion, subacute and chronic stage trypanosome infection is associated with changes in hematological indices, antioxidants of the liver, spleen and kidney, and histological architecture.

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Introduction to Microbiology

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of The Critical Period and Gene Silencing on Blood Cellular Traits in Local Chicken and Level of Welfare

Effect of The Critical Period and Gene Silencing on Blood Cellular Traits in Local Chicken and Level of Welfare

Evaluation of Plasmid Mediated Drugs Resistance among Wound Bacterial Infection Obtained from Patients Attending some Hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria

Erythrocytic, Enzymatic, and Histological Markers of Oxidative Stress in Subacute and Chronic Stage Infections in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

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