Introduction to microbicides

Paulus, Wilfried

doi:10.1007/1-4020-2818-0_1

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…37 All phenols are inactivated by inclusion in micelles, which can occur in solutions when the detergent/surfactant (non-ionic and anionic) concentration exceeds the critical micellization concentration. 26 We believe that the elevated MIC data reflects the presence of solution micellular formation in competition with antimicrobial activity performance. However, it should be noted that the MIC data of the new biocides reflected the significantly enhanced activity against E. coli, the Gram-negative bacterium, over the Gram-positive bacteria examined.…”

Section: Preparation and Evaluation Of Non-ionic Amphiphilic Phenolicmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…26 These compounds are now finding application as antimicrobial additives to coatings and films for a variety of markets, such as the food industry. A specific example includes a clever introduction of essential oil extracts of oregano to an alginate-based film applied to beef muscle slices for enhanced preservation.…”

Section: Preparation and Evaluation Of Non-ionic Amphiphilic Phenolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocides for the Battlefield - Interim Report

Wynne¹,

Fulmer²

2010

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Report Documentation PageForm Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. The ability to disinfect surfaces and manufacture self-decontaminating surfaces has been the subject of research within the Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory. Through several previous work units, a significant synthetic undertaking was made in preparation of a variety of novel, highly mobile biocides possessing low surface energies. In addition, significant achievements in synthesis of novel classes of biocides were made, with the subsequent incorporation of these molecules into a variety of hydrogel coating systems. Further exploration of amphiphilic molecules to achieve surface modification has also been undertaken in low loading conditions. This work serves as a solid background onto which the molecules of three classes?quaternary ammonium, phenols, and pyridinium salts?are prepared and evaluated. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. The ability to disinfect surfaces and manufacture self-decontaminating surfaces has been the subject of research within the Chemistry Division of the Naval Research Laboratory. Through several previous work units, a significant synthetic undertaking was made in preparation of a variety of novel, highly mobile biocides possessing low surface energies. In addition, significant achievements in synthesis of novel classes of biocides were made, with the subsequent incorporation of these molecules into a variety of hydrogel coating systems. Further exploration of amphiphilic molecules to achieve surface modification has also been undertaken in low loading conditions. This work serves as a solid background onto which the molecules of three classes-quaternary ammonium, phenols, and pyridinium salts-are prepared and evaluated. REPORT TYPE 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) TITLE AND SUBTITLE AUTHOR(S) PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ...

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Section: Preparation and Evaluation Of Non-ionic Amphiphilic Phenolicmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Preparation and Evaluation Of Non-ionic Amphiphilic Phenolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocides for the Battlefield - Interim Report

Wynne¹,

Fulmer²

2010

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“…Biocides are chemical products used for eliminating or preventing the action of harmful organisms. Biocides are used in various applications, from hospital hygiene maintenance to agriculture, for disinfecting and for preserving quality (Maillard 2003; Kiely 2004; Paulus 2005a). Biocides have been developed to act as poisons or inhibitory agents against a wide range of target organisms, from microbes to plants and vertebrates.…”

Section: The Nontoxic Poison Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biocides have been developed to act as poisons or inhibitory agents against a wide range of target organisms, from microbes to plants and vertebrates. However, increased environmental awareness has led to demands for decreasing the toxicity of biocides to attain low ecotoxicity (Paulus 2005a). Presently, environmental, occupational, and consumer safety is emphasized in biocide requirements, but its original efficacy requirement has not changed (Figure 1).…”

Section: The Nontoxic Poison Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States and the European Union, up to 75% of biocide usage is for agriculture (Kiely 2004; Gartiser et al 2007). Industrial biocides are used in almost all products that the average consumer deals with on a daily basis (Paulus 2005a). In the absence of biocides, contamination can have serious human health implications and can affect product quality with defects, such as malodors and foaming and changes in pH, viscosity, color, and visible growth (Gillat 2005; Lindner 2005), with costly product recall procedures.…”

Section: The Nontoxic Poison Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a nontoxic poison: Current trends in (European union) biocides regulation

Kähkönen

Nordström

2008

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The number of products containing biocides is increasing at the same time as the number of available biocides is decreasing. Biocides are biologically active chemicals with a vast area of applications where demands for maintaining product quality by use of biocides presents a major challenge for developers striving to meet emerging environmental concerns and fulfilling criteria for eco-labeled consumer products. Tightening regulations have, however, led to stagnation in the current development of new biocide chemistries, and the "nontoxic poison" has yet to be formulated. Accordingly, the present article presents a critical overview of European Union regulation of biocides and their usage and of some of the future challenges for meeting demands for environmentally safe products and processes in which biocides are used. The Biocidal Product Directive, which is presently implemented, is one focus in the present article. Regulations of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) risk classifications and their role in the future development of biocide-containing products are also discussed. Studying the biocide dilemma may provide tools for the chemical industry as whole for proactive anticipation of the effect of emerging regulatory demands on product development.

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