Introduction to Membrane Separations

Scott, K.

doi:10.1016/b978-185617233-2/50004-0

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Despite the outstanding combination of conductivity and selectivity of perfluorinated homogeneous ion-exchange membranes, much cheaper heterogeneous membranes are usually used in the most applications [ 141 , 142 , 143 ]. They are most often manufactured by rolling or hot-pressing ion-exchange materials (in particular, polystyrene sulfate) and a plastic binder.…”

Section: Selectivity Of Transfer Processes In Ion-exchange Membranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Стенина

Yaroslavtsev

2021

Membranes

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Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.

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Section: Selectivity Of Transfer Processes In Ion-exchange Membranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Стенина

Yaroslavtsev

2021

Membranes

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“…SWMs consist of a sandwich of flat sheet membranes, spacer filaments and porous permeate flow material, wrapped around a central permeate collecting tube [ 49 ]. The presence of spacers in the feed channels of the SWM helps improve permeate flux by promoting fluid mixing that enhances mass transfer and reduces concentration polarisation [ 50 , 51 , 52 ], albeit at the cost of an increased pressure loss [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Development Of New Spacer Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of CFD Modelling and Performance Metrics for Osmotic Membrane Processes

et al. 2020

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Simulation via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers a convenient way for visualising hydrodynamics and mass transport in spacer-filled membrane channels, facilitating further developments in spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules for desalination processes. This paper provides a review on the use of CFD modelling for the development of novel spacers used in the SWM modules for three types of osmotic membrane processes: reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Currently, the modelling of mass transfer and fouling for complex spacer geometries is still limited. Compared with RO, CFD modelling for PRO is very rare owing to the relative infancy of this osmotically driven membrane process. Despite the rising popularity of multi-scale modelling of osmotic membrane processes, CFD can only be used for predicting process performance in the absence of fouling. This paper also reviews the most common metrics used for evaluating membrane module performance at the small and large scales.

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“…In industrial membrane application, the spiral wound module is one of the most common membrane modules for the separation of CO2 [16]. The Spiral wound module is modelled following a cross-flow pattern [17] which approximates the actual spiral wound membrane separator. The transport mechanism of gas permeation in the dense membrane can be described by the solution-diffusion model [11,18] by equation 3.…”

Section: Membrane Processmentioning

confidence: 99%