Introduction to Liquid State Physics

March, N. H.; Tosi, M. P.

doi:10.1142/4717

Cited by 249 publications

(254 citation statements)

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“…The idea for the γ υ T scaling 40,41 arises from consideration of a generalized repulsive potential 48,49 , which is drawn from a Lennard-Jones type intermolecular potential 11,17,45 . Although the material-constant γ is determined empirically, the function (…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic interpretation of the scaling of the dynamics of supercooled liquids

Casalini

Mohanty²,

Roland³

2006

The Journal of Chemical Physics

183

217

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic interpretation of the scaling of the dynamics of supercooled liquids

Casalini

Mohanty²,

Roland³

2006

The Journal of Chemical Physics

183

217

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“…where N is the number of atoms, is the density, and g r is the pair correlation function [24]. The increase in scattering at low Q thus indicates the development of longer length-scale density fluctuations in the liquid and the formation of a softer liquid than the equilibrium state [25,26].…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Diffuse Scattering Measurements of Nucleation Dynamics at Femtosecond Resolution

et al. 2008

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Femtosecond time-resolved small and wide angle x-ray diffuse scattering techniques are applied to investigate the ultrafast nucleation processes that occur during the ablation process in semiconducting materials. Following intense optical excitation, a transient liquid state of high compressibility characterized by large-amplitude density fluctuations is observed and the buildup of these fluctuations is measured in real time. Small-angle scattering measurements reveal snapshots of the spontaneous nucleation of nanoscale voids within a metastable liquid and support theoretical predictions of the ablation process. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.135502 PACS numbers: 79.20.Ds, 61.05.cp, 61.20.Lc, 64.60.ÿi The liquid state of matter can be both supercooled below its freezing point and superheated above its boiling point. Although these are nonequilibrium states, their lifetime is longer than typical laboratory observation times and they are thus classified as metastable, stuck in a local minimum of the free energy. Despite their apparent stability, these systems exhibit localized fluctuations, corresponding to nuclei of the lower energy phase which rapidly form and dissolve, a process for which there exists a critical size for stable growth of the equilibrium phase, typically of nanoscale dimensions [1-3] (depending on the degree of superheating). When the transition does occur, it occurs rapidly, as is familiar to anyone who has observed the catastrophic boiling that suddenly occurs in superheated liquid water [4]. The development of ultrafast, atomic-scale sensitive techniques enables one to capture these transient, intermediate states, which under current laboratory methods, may spontaneously transform to lower energy stable states on inaccessible time scales. Techniques like time-resolved x-ray or electron scattering record these intermediate states in the form of a diffuse scattering pattern whose shape reflects the local atomic-scale structure that characterizes the transforming material. As a result of the orientational isotropy in the system and the short correlation lengths, these are typically broad diffraction rings, in contrast to the well-defined diffracted beams one obtains from a crystalline system. The radially averaged diffracted intensity as a function of scattering angle (normalized by atomic scattering factors) is a direct measure of the liquid structure factor S Q , where Q 4 sin = is the momentum transfer, 2 is the scattering angle, and is the wavelength, which directly encodes the short-range correlations in disordered materials.Recent experiments probing atomic-scale dynamics in disordered systems using electron diffraction techniques have focused on gas-phase photochemical reactions [5],

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] The study of hardparticle systems is also very relevant to condensed matter physics 6 and materials science. 7,8 In fact, short-range steeply repulsive intermolecular interactions are primarily responsible for determining the stability and structure of a molecular system in condensed states of matter (crystalline, 9,10 glassy, 11 liquid-crystalline, 12 liquid 13,14 ), while hard-particle interactions are well-approximated experimentally by colloidal 15 particles, now synthesizable of various shapes and sizes. [16][17][18] The three-dimensional hard sphere is the most basic hardparticle model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many aspects of this model system have been studied and the literature on the subject is vast. 13,14,[19][20][21] The fact that a hard-sphere system possesses a disorder-order, fluidcrystal phase transition was remarkably hypothesized 22 and then demonstrated in the earlier applications of numerical simulation techniques. 23,24 The co-existence density and pressure values were subsequently evaluated by free-energy calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard convex lens-shaped particles: Densest-known packings and phase behavior

Cinacchi

Torquato

2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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By using theoretical methods and Monte Carlo simulations, this work investigates dense ordered packings and equilibrium phase behavior (from the low-density isotropic fluid regime to the highdensity crystalline solid regime) of monodisperse systems of hard convex lens-shaped particles as defined by the volume common to two intersecting congruent spheres. We show that, while the overall similarity of their shape to that of hard oblate ellipsoids is reflected in a qualitatively similar phase diagram, differences are more pronounced in the high-density crystal phase up to the densest-known packings determined here. In contrast to those non-(Bravais)-lattice two-particle basis crystals that are the densest-known packings of hard (oblate) ellipsoids, hard convex lens-shaped particles pack more densely in two types of degenerate crystalline structures: (i) non-(Bravais)-lattice two-particle basis body-centered-orthorhombic-like crystals and (ii) (Bravais) lattice monoclinic crystals. By stacking at will, regularly or irregularly, laminae of these two crystals, infinitely degenerate, generally non-periodic in the stacking direction, dense packings can be constructed that are consistent with recent organizing principles. While deferring the assessment of which of these dense ordered structures is thermodynamically stable in the high-density crystalline solid regime, the degeneracy of their densest-known packings strongly suggests that colloidal convex lens-shaped particles could be better glass formers than colloidal spheres because of the additional rotational degrees of freedom. C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Introduction to Liquid State Physics

Cited by 249 publications

References 0 publications

Thermodynamic interpretation of the scaling of the dynamics of supercooled liquids

Thermodynamic interpretation of the scaling of the dynamics of supercooled liquids

X-Ray Diffuse Scattering Measurements of Nucleation Dynamics at Femtosecond Resolution

Hard convex lens-shaped particles: Densest-known packings and phase behavior

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