Introduction to Fillers

Carruthers, Jean; Carruthers, Alastair; Humphrey, Shannon

doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000001770

Cited by 44 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…1 Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are some of the most popular dermal filler agents, 2,3 which when injected into and below the dermis can provide cosmetic volume improvements. 2,4,5 However, these volume effects will diminish soon after injection. 6,7 Filler migration and (non)-enzymatic HA degradation can further lead to progressive volume loss and shape deformity at the site of injection requiring reinjection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Cheng

Shih

et al. 2017

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Introduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers are used for various cosmetic procedures. However, due to filler migration and degradation, reinjections of the fillers are often required. Methacrylated HA (MA-HA) can be made into injectable shape-memorizing fillers (three-dimensional [3D] MA-HA) aimed to address these issues. In this study, shape retention, firmness, and biocompatibility of 3D MA-HA injected subcutaneously in mice were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Fifteen mice, each receiving two subcutaneous injections in their back, were divided into four groups receiving HA, MA-HA, 3D MA-HA, or saline, respectively. Digital imaging, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in vivo imaging system (IVIS), durometry, and histology were utilized to evaluate in vitro/ vivo degradation and migration, material firmness, and the angiogenic (CD31) and immunogenic (CD45) response of the host tissue toward the injected materials. Results: Digital imaging, SEM, and IVIS revealed that 3D MA-HA fillers maintained their predetermined shape for at least 30 days in vitro and in vivo. Little volume effects were noted in the saline and other control groups. There were no differences in skin firmness between the groups or over time. Histology showed intact skin architecture in all groups. Three-dimensional MA-HA maintained its macroporous structure with significant angiogenesis at the 3D MA-HA/skin interfaces and throughout the 3D MA-HA. There was no significant inflammatory response to any of the injected materials. Conclusion: 3D MA-HA showed remarkable tissue compatibility, compliance, and shape predictability, as well as retention, and thus might be suitable for various skin sculpting and soft tissue reconstruction purposes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Cheng

Shih

et al. 2017

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…Hyaluronic acid (HA) has become the main product for this purpose because it has several advantages: it is identical in all types of tissues; there is no need for previous skin test; it can be stored at room temperature; it is biodegradable; it has long duration, good stability and is highly safe (biocompatible, resorbable, and reversible) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2003, the first HA filler was approved in the USA, and since then, many products for this purpose have been developed. Currently, there are at least three manufacturers, with more than 12 HA‐based injectable agents, which differ in the degree and type of cross‐linking, HA concentration, and particle size that determine their physical properties (viscosity, lifting capacity, and duration of effect) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyaluronic acid fillers became the main product for face filling, because of its natural clinical aspect, easy manipulation, and low incidence of adverse reactions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several hyaluronic acid‐based products commercially available, which have different degrees and types of cross‐linking, HA concentration, and size of particles that determine their rheological properties (viscosity, lifting capacity, duration of effect) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross‐sectional study of the microbiological safety profile of reusing hyaluronic acid fillers

Pontello

Kondo

Pavezzi

et al. 2017

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Transparency and Dermatologic Device Approval by the US Food and Drug Administration

et al. 2018

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OBJECTIVES To characterize the postapproval changes to Class III dermatologic devices and to evaluate inconsistencies in the use of the premarket approval pathway. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis study was a cross-sectional retrospective cohort analysis of a public US Food and Drug Administration database for premarket approval of devices. Included were dermatologic devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration between January 1, 1980, and November 1, 2016, through the premarket pathway for device approval. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESOriginal devices were identified, and their supplements were characterized chronologically, by review track, and by modification category. RESULTSThe 27 dermatologic devices studied consisted of 14 injectables, 11 photodynamic therapies, a dermal replacement matrix, and a diagnostic imaging instrument. Supplemental applications are increasingly used: the data-requiring panel-track pathway was the least common approach (2.8% [16 of 562 supplements]), while the 30-day track, which does not require clinical data, was most frequently used (42.5% [239 of 562 supplements]). Four devices (14.8%) underwent low-risk recalls (Class II or Class III), and 10 devices (37.0%) were voluntarily withdrawn. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE As manufacturers make increasing use of supplemental applications, minor device changes may occur without supporting clinical data, which could pose a safety risk to patients.

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Introduction to Fillers

Cited by 44 publications

References 125 publications

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Injectable Shape-Memorizing Three-Dimensional Hyaluronic Acid Cryogels for Skin Sculpting and Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Cross‐sectional study of the microbiological safety profile of reusing hyaluronic acid fillers

Transparency and Dermatologic Device Approval by the US Food and Drug Administration

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