Introduction to Environmental Toxicology

Landis, Wayne G.; Yu, Ming‐Ho

doi:10.1201/b12447

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…This amendment induced considerable reductions in plant cover and diversity along with a drop in productivity. This observation is consistent with the arguments of Landis and Yu (1999) and highlights the idea that EDTA alone is not ideal for phytoextraction in a soil polluted with several heavy metals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This indicates that this variable may be a good indicator of toxicity due to soil metals as observed by Pastor et al (2007). In agreement with the findings of other authors (An, 2004; Landis and Yu, 1999; Newman and Jagoe, 1996), germination did not emerge as a reliable indicator of ecotoxicity. This amendment induced considerable reductions in plant cover and diversity along with a drop in productivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Hernández

Gutiérrez-Ginés

Pastor³

2015

J. Environ. Qual.

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Sewage sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants are often used to remediate degraded soils. However, the benefits of their use in metal-polluted soils remain unclear and need to be assessed in terms of factors besides soil fertility. This study examines the use of thermal-dried sewage sludge (TDS) as an amendment for heavy metal-polluted soil in terms of its effects on soil chemical properties, leachate composition, and the growth of native plant communities. To assess the response of the soil and its plant community to an increase in metal mobilization, the effects of TDS amendment were compared with those of the addition of a chelating agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]). The experimental design was based on a real-case scenario in which soils from of an abandoned mine site were used in a greenhouse bioassay. Two doses of TDS and EDTA were applied to a soil containing high Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd levels (4925, 5675, 404, and 25 mg kg, respectively). Soil pH was 6.4, and its organic matter content was 5.53%. The factors examined after soil amendment were soil fertility and heavy metal contents, leachate element losses, the plant community arising from the seed bank (plant cover, species richness and biodiversity, above/below ground biomass), and phytotoxic effects (chemical contents of abundant species). Thermal-dried sewage sludge emerged as a good phytostabilizer of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd given its capacity to reduce the plant uptake of metals and achieve rapid plant cover. This amendment also enhanced the retention of other elements in the plant root system and overall showed a better capacity to remediate soils polluted with several heavy metals. The addition of EDTA led to plant productivity losses and nutritional imbalances because it increased the mobility of several elements in the soil and its leachates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Hernández

Gutiérrez-Ginés

Pastor³

2015

J. Environ. Qual.

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“…Mercury compounds are among the most lethal also towards bacteria and other microorganisms. The toxicity of heavy metals is still the focus of extensive research 6, 7. In response to the excessive uptake of metal ions such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Hg, plants and algae are able to synthesize enzymatically peptides, called phytochelatins,8, 9 which have a high cysteine content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of cysteine with Cu²⁺ and group IIb (Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺) metal cations: a theoretical study

et al. 2005

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The structure and energetics of complexes obtained upon interaction between cysteine and Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+ cations were studied using quantum chemical density functional theory calculations with the 6-311++G** orbital basis set and relativistic pseudopotentials for the cations. Different coordination sites for metal ions on several cysteine conformers were considered. In their lowest energy complexes with the amino acid, the Zn2+ and Cd2+ cations appear to be three-coordinated to carbonyl oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms, whereas the Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions are coordinated to both the carbonyl oxygen and sulfur atoms of one of the zwitterion forms of the amino acid. Bonds of metal cations with the coordination sites are mainly ionic except those established with sulfur, which show a small covalent character that become most significant when Cu2+ and Hg2+ are involved. The order of metal ion affinity proposed is Cu>Zn>Hg>Cd.

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“…They arise from relatively few primordial germ cells that form during this early stage of development [14]. Xenopus laevis was selected as the experimental animal because its comparability to mammalian species in teratogenic response has been documented previously [15]. In addition, this methodology is readily transferable to other species of frogs and toads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the amphibian tadpole (Xenopus laevis) to atrazine during sexual differentiation of the testis

Tavera‐Mendoza,

Ruby,

Brousseau

et al. 2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed for 48 h during sexual differentiation to atrazine at 21 microg/L under static laboratory conditions at 21+/-0.5 degrees C. After this exposure period, tadpoles were fixed and the kidney-gonad complex was microdissected. Quantitative histological analysis of the gonad revealed a 57% reduction in testicular volume among atrazine-exposed tadpoles. In addition, primary spermatogonial cell nests that represent germ cells for the life of the organism were reduced by 70%. Nursing cells, which provide nutritive support for the developing germ cells, had declined by 74%. Testicular resorption was observed among 70% and aplasia or failure of full development of the testis was recorded in 10% of the atrazine-exposed tadpoles. Because cell nests represent the pool of primordial germ cells for the reproductive life of the organism, the combined reduction in spermatogonial cell nests and nursing cells suggest that a pulse exposure to 21 microg/L of atrazine during sexual differentiation could significantly reduce reproduction during the reproductive life of these animals.

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Introduction to Environmental Toxicology

Cited by 76 publications

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Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Interaction of cysteine with Cu²⁺ and group IIb (Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺) metal cations: a theoretical study

Response of the amphibian tadpole (Xenopus laevis) to atrazine during sexual differentiation of the testis

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Introduction to Environmental Toxicology

Cited by 76 publications

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Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Interaction of cysteine with Cu2+ and group IIb (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) metal cations: a theoretical study

Response of the amphibian tadpole (Xenopus laevis) to atrazine during sexual differentiation of the testis

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Interaction of cysteine with Cu²⁺ and group IIb (Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺) metal cations: a theoretical study