Introduction to Energy Analysis

Energia embutida na construção de edificações no Brasil: contribuições para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas a partir de um estudo de caso em Mato Grosso do Sul

“…Os serviços energéticos permitem satisfazer diversas necessidades humanas como por exemplo a necessidade de um ambiente confortável (aquecido ou resfriado), a necessidade de produtos materiais e as necessidades de deslocamento (BLOK; NIEUWLAAR, 2017). Contudo, a forma como a energia é produzida e utilizada está na origem de muitos dos impactos ambientais que testemunhamos, com destaque para as mudanças climáticas em consequência do aumento da concentração de gases de efeito de estufa resultantes da queima de fontes de energia fósseis.…”

Evaluating the regional social sustainability contribution of public‐private partnerships in China: The development of an indicator system

“…The eight categories of public services were identified mainly based on the divisions of infrastructures proposed by Hansen (): social infrastructures and economic infrastructures, which are more concerned with what has been termed “investment in human beings” and are specifically aimed at supporting directly productive activities, respectively. Meanwhile, the eight categories of public services referenced prior studies (Asomani‐Boateng, Fricano, & Adarkwa, ; Bates & Santerre, ; Blok & Nieuwlaar, ; Canto‐Perelloab & Curiel‐Esparza, ; Chen et al, ; Comber, Brunsdon, & Green, ; Davis, Pijanowski, Robinson, & Kidwell, ; de Jong, Joss, Schraven, Zhan, & Weijnen, ; Diaz‐Sarachaga et al, ; Hourie, Malul, & Bar‐El, ; Kagan, Hauerwaas, Holz, & Wedler, ; Liu, Adams, Cote, Geng, & Li, ; Mincer, ; Mohammad, Dom, & Ahmad, ; Nakićenović, Gomez‐Echeverri, Johansson, & Patwardhan, ; Nasibulina, ; Ng, Law, Wong, & Kulanthayan, ; Schulenkorf, ; Silva Cruz & Katz‐Gerro, ; UN‐Habitat, ; Valença, ; Y. Wang, Sun, & Song, ). The contents and subsectors of the eight categories of public services with their impacts on socially sustainable development are described in Table .…”

Scaling and Learning Effects of Biofuels Conversion Technologies

“…The scaling effect describes the relation between an increase in the production plant scale and the corresponding decrease in production costs, expressed as: [13,14] …”

“…[13,14] Up to a certain point, increasing production scales are related to marginal costs per unit that are below average costs and thus contribute to a reduction of average costs per unit of biofuel produced. Beyond this point, marginal costs of one unit additional output exceed average costs (e.g., due to increasing transportation costs or overcapacities).…”