Introduction to Constructed Wetland Technology

Stefanakis, Alexandros I.

doi:10.1002/9781119268376.ch0

Cited by 14 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Due to their proven robustness as well as low costs for operation and maintenance, this technology is implement around the world to treat various polluted waters, e.g., domestic wastewater, combined sewer overflow, stormwater and all sorts of industrial wastewaters. [1][2][3]. VF wetlands evolved from the work of Seidel [4] and have been developed due to the legal requirements of ammonia reduction in the effluent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands

Pucher

Langergraber

2019

Water

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Clogging in vertical flow (VF) wetlands is an important process influencing water purification processes. The main contributing factors are the growth of microorganisms within the filter media, the accumulation of suspended solids on top of the wetland, as well as within the filter media. Both processes lead to a decrease of the available pore space, hence changing the soil’s hydraulic properties. This will alter the water flow and cause malfunctioning of the system. This paper summarizes the state of the art of the prevailing physical, biological and chemical processes influencing clogging in VF wetlands. Different design and operational parameters are discussed to give a better understanding on their influence to prevent malfunctioning. Based on a literature review, a detailed overview on experimental as well as modelling studies carried out is presented. The main conclusions are that on the one hand, important insights on clogging processes in VF wetlands have been gained but, on the other hand, design parameters such as intermittent loading operation and the grain size of the filter media are not well represented in those studies. Clogging models use different conceptual approaches ranging from black box models to process based models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands

Pucher

Langergraber

2019

Water

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“…Flow direction is the most used classification of Constructed Wetlands (CW) system [38]. There are two general types based on the flow path in the CW system, Free Water Surface (FWS) and Subsurface Flow (SSF).…”

Section: Constructed Wetland Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water plants are planted in media with shallow basins and containing a soil layer with 30 to 40 cm thicknesses, and the water level is slightly above the media to expose water to the atmosphere and sunlight radiation [38]. Commonreeds (Phragmites australis), Cattails (Typha spp.…”

Section: Free Water Surface (Fws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on flow operation, subsurface flow is classified as horizontal, vertical, and hybrid (combination of vertical and horizontal). Horizontal types have the substrate layer thickness varies from 30 up to 100 cm and a lower area demand compared to the free water surface and also less electrical energy needed, if compared to vertical type [38,42]. The most common setup for vertical type is a basin and layer of gravel and sand with the total thickness around 30 to 180 cm [38].…”

Section: Subsurface Flow (Ssf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horizontal types have the substrate layer thickness varies from 30 up to 100 cm and a lower area demand compared to the free water surface and also less electrical energy needed, if compared to vertical type [38,42]. The most common setup for vertical type is a basin and layer of gravel and sand with the total thickness around 30 to 180 cm [38]. Compared with the horizontal type, the vertical type has less clogging and space and also has the ability to nitrify due to good oxygen transfer [43].…”

Section: Subsurface Flow (Ssf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different phytoremediation strategies for acid mine drainage (AMD)

Rahman

Wintoko

Prasetya

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a severe environmental problem that results from mining industry activities around the world. Water pollution from acid mine drainage not only damages the quality of water and soil but also affects a sustainable environment such as plants and animals in a mining area. Mining water typically has acid with highly toxic heavy metal concentrations. Remediation is one of the technologies that can be used to reduce heavy metal pollutant water from mine drainage water. There were many researches about remediation in the past, but phytoremediation has attracted various researchers’ attention. Phytoremediation is a remediation pollutants method using a plant as a media that has the advantages of being efficient, economical, and eco-friendly. The most significant important aspect for the successful phytoremediation method is a selection of the plant species. Aquatic plants have a high level of efficiency in reducing organic and inorganic pollutants in water. The efficiency of aquatic plants can be improved with innovative approaches. This review focuses on the comparison characteristic of aquatic plants in the phytoremediation method to reduce heavy metals in pollutant water. Comparison served to support innovations to improve efficiency phytoremediation application research challenge for acid mine drainage issues in the near future.

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Natur-basierte Systeme in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft

Pucher

Ertl

Langergraber

2022

Österr Wasser- und Abfallw

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ZusammenfassungNatur-basierte Systeme (NBS) sind Schlüsseltechnologien in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft für die urbane Wasserwirtschaft sowie die Abwasserreinigung. Die Entwicklung von NBS begann in den 1960er-Jahren mit bepflanzten Bodenfiltern (auch Pflanzenkläranlage genannt) und führte zur Entwicklung und Anwendung diverser NBS für die Wasseraufbereitung und Versickerung, wie Grüne Dächer, vertikale Begrünungen und Regenwasserversickerungsanlagen. Ein Vorteil von NBS ist ihre Multifunktionalität. Diese inkludiert unter anderem Schutz vor Überflutungen, Stadtentwässerung, Biodiversität, Kühlung und Schutz vor Schadstofftransport in Grund- sowie Oberflächengewässer und die Eingliederung in die Kreislaufwirtschaft. Um die Umsetzung sowie den Nachweis der multiplen Funktionen zu sichern, ist eine integrative Planung beim Einsatz von NBS essenziell.

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Introduction to Constructed Wetland Technology

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands

The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands

Comparison of different phytoremediation strategies for acid mine drainage (AMD)

Natur-basierte Systeme in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft

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