Introduction to anaesthesia in exotic species

Longley, Lesa

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-2888-5.50002-2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Pulse oximetry is often used to measure effective oxygenation in rabbits, but is limited by poor connection, skin pigmentation, high heart rates (as many machines only record up to 250 beats per minute) and the use of anaesthetic agents that cause peripheral vasoconstriction (Wright and Hellyer 1996, Longley 2008). In human beings, skin pigmentation can have a significant effect on pulse oximetry readings (Lee and others 1993, Bickler and others 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of arterial blood gas analysis as a superior method for evaluating respiratory function in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

et al. 2013

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A retrospective study compared invasive (arterial blood gas analysis) and non-invasive (capnography and pulse oximetry) methods of monitoring respiratory function in conscious rabbits. Arterial samples from 50 healthy dwarf lop rabbits, presenting for routine surgical neutering, were analysed on a point-of-care blood gas analysis machine. Reference intervals were obtained for pH (7.35-7.54), PaCO2 (mm Hg) (25.29-40.37), PaO2 (mm Hg) (50.3-98.2), base excess (mmol/l) (6.7-6.5), HCO3 (mmol/l) (17.96-29.41), TCO2 (mmol/l) (18.9-30.5). SaO2 (per cent) (88.8-98.0), Na (mmol/l) (137.6-145.2), K (mmol/l) (3.28-4.87), iCal (mmol/l) (1.64-1.94), glucose (mmol/l) (6.23-10.53), haematocrit (per cent) (23.3-40.2) and haemoglobin (mg/dl) (7.91-13.63). Pulse oximetry (SPO2) and capnography (ETCO2) readings were taken concurrently. There was no statistically significant relationship between SPO2 and SaO2 with a mean difference between SPO2 and SaO2 of 8.22 per cent. There was a statistically significant relationship between ETCO2 vs PaCO2, but a wide range of ETCO2 values were observed for a given PaCO2. The mean difference between these was 16.16 mm Hg. The study has provided reference intervals for arterial blood gas analysis in rabbits and demonstrated that capnography and pulse oximetry readings should not be relied upon in conscious rabbits as a guide to ventilation and oxygenation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of arterial blood gas analysis as a superior method for evaluating respiratory function in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

et al. 2013

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“…Intubation in rodents is, in most cases, not easily performed; therefore anesthesia is often maintained with a tight-fitting face mask connected to the breathing system [35,36]. As suggested by Dave and Mahaffey [37] “ The use of face masks and nasal cannulae should be avoided as there is always some leakage around these devices ”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present reports the face mask employed (Figure 1) did not prevent leakage of oxygen and anesthetic gasses. Face masks similar to those employed by the authors are often used during surgeries of small exotic animals [35,38,39]. The use of tight-fitting face masks providing a hermetical seal seems necessary during laser surgery under volatile anesthesia in rodents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire ignition during laser surgery in pet rodents

Collarile¹,

Girolamo²,

Nardini³

et al. 2012

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundLaser surgery is an attractive alternative to other means of section device in terms of tissue inflammation and interaction, which has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine. Although accidental ignition during laser surgeries is sporadically reported in human medical literature, to the authors’ knowledge this is the first report regarding laser-dependent fire ignition during surgery in veterinary medicine.Case presentationTwo rodents, a 13-month old, 27-gram, male pet mouse (Mus musculus) and a 1-year old, female Russian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), underwent surgical removal of masses with diode laser. During the surgical procedures fires ignited from the face masks. The mouse presented severe burns on the head and both forelimbs, it was hospitalized and approximately 2 months after surgery burns were resolved. The hamster presented severe burns on the face and the proximal regions of the body. At 72 hours from the accident the hamster was euthanized.ConclusionThe present report suggests that fire ignition is a potential life-threatening complication of laser surgery in non-intubated rodents maintained under volatile anesthesia. High oxygen concentrations, the presence of combustible, and the narrowness of the surgical field with the face mask during laser surgery on rodents are risk factors for fire ignition.

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“…A multimodal anesthetic protocol, which includes compounds from several distinct classes, offers the chance to achieve a more balanced anesthesia—for example by including analgesia when necessary—in spite of the clinician’s temptation to use only one drug in order to simplify the anesthetic protocol. The doses of the substances will automatically be lower with fewer side effects if a multimodal anesthesia strategy is adopted [ 15 ].…”

Section: Drugs Used In Small Mammal Analgesia Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Management and Analgesics Used in Small Mammals during Post-Operative Period with an Emphasis on Metamizole (Dipyrone) as an Alternative Medication

2022

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Metamizole (dipyrone) is a widely used non-opioid analgesic in both human and animal medicine. Metamizole’s safety has been the topic of numerous opposing debates, given the fact that in certain countries metamizole is frequently used as an over-the-counter (OTC) medicine, while in others it is banned due to the risk of agranulocytosis. Further, small mammals such as rabbits, ferrets, rodents, and hedgehogs have become some of the most common pets present in veterinary practice, and each of these species has specific analgesic needs due to their anatomy and physiology. The key to providing appropriate medical care is in finding a substance that has minimal negative effects. In small mammals, analgesia is an important factor and, it happens frequently that, pain in these patients is not well managed. Post-operative pain management is an important topic in the welfare of animals. The objectives of this review, thus, were to provide a concise overview of analgesics that are used in the treatment of postoperative pain in small mammals (e.g., rabbits and rodents) and to highlight the importance of this product, metamizole, in veterinary medicine, as well as the potential of this substance as an alternative analgesic for the treatment of postoperative pain in small mammals.

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Introduction to anaesthesia in exotic species

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Use of arterial blood gas analysis as a superior method for evaluating respiratory function in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Use of arterial blood gas analysis as a superior method for evaluating respiratory function in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Fire ignition during laser surgery in pet rodents

Pain Management and Analgesics Used in Small Mammals during Post-Operative Period with an Emphasis on Metamizole (Dipyrone) as an Alternative Medication

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