Introduction: Roboethics as an Emerging Field of Ethics of Technology

Robotic Surgery: Bioethical Aspects

“…The term robotics derives from "robota" Czech word meaning "servant" or "worker" 14 , 15 , 18 . It is known that the word was coined by Karel Capek 14 in theatrical spectacle R.U.R.…”

“… 5 , 11 , 28 . In this sense, the adoption - indeed - of these "Three Laws of Robotics" 4 , 5 , 28 , could become an interesting - and perhaps vital - prerequisite for the use of these artifacts 11 , 15 .…”

“…Another interesting composition involving robotics and ethics is the roboethics - a term coined by Gianmarco Veruggio 33,34 - which is concerned primarily with human behavior in interactions with robots and other machines that hold artificial intelligence 2 , 15 . It is interesting to note that in recent movies She (2014, directed by Spike Jonze) and Eve (2012; directed by Kike Maíllo) contain good examples of ethical conflicts that could result from those relationships.…”

“…The interrelations between bioethics and robotics make up a very new field of study in the scientific literature; there are few publications directed to the topic that must be more explored and discussed 11 , 15 .…”

An Ethical Framework for Smart Robots

“…However, given that the field of robotics has grown to become interconnected with other technologies, it seems more and more difficult to provide a commonly accepted definition of a robot (Leenes et al, 2017). According to Ishihara and Fukushi (2010), the word "robot" was first introduced in Karel Capek's 1921 play that dealt with conflict between human beings and robots, that is, artificial persons molded out of chemical batter. Belanche et al (2019) add that the word "robot" originates from the Czech word "robota", which means "forced labor;" or, put another way, "slavery".…”