Introduction: Reading Neoliberalization

Ward, Kevin; England, Kim

doi:10.1002/9780470712801.ch1

Cited by 71 publications

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“…This is the fourth element that deserves attention. Neoliberalism constitutes at the same time a policy and program, a distinctive set of state institutions, and an ideological project (Ward & England, 2007). It is this last aspect that is relevant here, and the work of two legal scholars (Fudge & Cossman, 2002) is crucial.…”

Section: Emphasis Added)mentioning

confidence: 96%

The double burden of neoliberalism? Noncommunicable disease policies and the global political economy of risk

Glasgow

Schrecker

2016

Health & Place

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Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Health place. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Health place, 34, July 2015, 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.06.005Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe growing prevalence of NCDs in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is now recognized as one of the major global health policy issues of the early 21 st century. Current official approaches reflect ambivalence about how health policy should approach the social determinants of health identified by the WHO Commission on the topic that released its report in 2008, and in particular the role of macro-scale economic and social processes. Authoritative framing of options for NCD prevention in advance of the September, 2011 UN high-level meeting on NCDs arguably relied on a selective reading of the scientific (including social scientific) evidence, and foregrounded a limited number of risk factors defined in terms of individual behaviour: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, alcohol (ab)use and physical inactivity. The effect was to reproduce at a transnational level the individualization of responsibility for health that characterizes most health promotion initiatives in high-income countries, ignoring both the limited control that many people have over their exposure to these risk factors and the contribution of macro-scale processes like trade liberalization and the marketing activities of transnational corporations to the global burden of NCDs. An alternative perspective focuses on "the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources" described by the WHO Commission, and the ways in which policies that address those inequities can avoid unintentional incorporation of neoliberal constructions of risk and responsibility.2

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Section: Emphasis Added)mentioning

confidence: 96%

The double burden of neoliberalism? Noncommunicable disease policies and the global political economy of risk

Glasgow

Schrecker

2016

Health & Place

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“…Numerous illustrations can be found in the policy prescriptions of the World Bank (Akin, Birdsall, & de Ferranti, 1987;World Bank, 1993, chapter 3;Holzmann & Jörgensen, 2001), an agency that has been an active promoter of the global marketplace in its role as provider of development finance and source of technical expertise on development policy issues (George & Sabelli, 1994;Lee & Goodman, 8 2002;Goldman, 2007). Market fundamentalism also represents an algorithm for restructuring state institutions, at levels ranging from the national to the local (Peck & Tickell, 2002;Ward & England, 2007), in ways that make them more 'market-friendly'. The idea of a global selfregulating market governing social and economic affairs shifts responsibility for social provision away from the state and toward individuals and households (Hacker, 2004), legitimizing the reduced role of the state and the elimination of even limited entitlements by redefining citizenship in terms of labour market participation and 'responsible' consumption (Ruiters, 2006;Ruiters, 2009).…”

Section: Market Fundamentalism and Human Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing health equity in the global marketplace: How human rights can help

Schrecker

Chapman

Labonté

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

108

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Citation for published item:hre kerD ed nd gh pm nD eudrey nd v ont¡ eD on ld nd he ogliD o erto @PHIHA 9edv n ing he lth equity in the glo l m rketpl e X how hum n rights n helpF9D o i l s ien e medi ineFD UI @VAF ppF ISPHEISPTF Further information on publisher's website: httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFso s imedFPHIHFHTFHRP Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Social science medicine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Social science medicine, 71, 8, 2010, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.06.042 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe Commission on Social Determinants of Health ascribed health disparities within and between countries to "a toxic combination of poor social policies and programmes, unfair economic arrangements, and bad politics." This article analyzes the relevance of the international human rights framework (IHRF) to the Commission's goal of reducing health disparities with reference to both social scientific and legal scholarship. We begin with an overview of the IHRF, demonstrating its potential as a challenge to the normative foundations of the emerging global economic order. We then survey the research literature on mechanisms to ensure accountability for realization of health-related rights, emphasizing the potential effectiveness of making human rights enforceable through the courts, and the special need for mechanisms to hold countries and international institutions accountable for obligations related to the human right to health. We conclude by identifying three key directions for further research, policy and advocacy: comparative human rights litigation, specifically the willingness of courts to address broad policy and budgetary issues; the conditions under which governments legislate or constitutionalize economic and social rights; and how rich, powerful countries affect economic and social rights outside their borders.3

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“…In general, rather than reifying neoliberalism as a monolithic entity, it may be more productive to speak of 'neoliberalization' as an always partial and incomplete process (Ward & England, 2007). This raises potentially fruitful questions around when, where, and in what ways the economic, political and cultural intersect with health.…”

Section: Some Suggestions For the Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And finally, 'neoliberalism' can be indexed to a sort of 'rationality' in the Foucauldian sense, linked less to economic dogmas or class projects than to specific mechanisms of government, and recognizable modes of creating subjects. (Ferguson, 2010, p. 171) Indeed, Ward and England (2007) have identified four distinct understandings of neoliberalism in the social sciences: (1) neoliberalism as an ideological hegemonic project; (2) neoliberalism as policy and programme (e.g. policies enacted under the banner of privatization, deregulation, liberalization, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thatcherism in the UK and Reaganism in the USA are often highlighted as prototypical manifestations of neoliberalism; however, policies informed by a similar market-centric logic were introduced in a more moderate form in a variety of social democracies (e.g. Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden) (Brenner & Theodore, 2002;Maskovsky & Kingfisher, 2001;Ward & England, 2007). They were also exported to the Global South through the structural adjustment and fiscal austerity pro-grammes enforced by institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (Brenner & Theodore, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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