Introduction

Mbuya, Nkosinathi Vusizihlobo; Atwood, Stephen J.; Huynh, Phuong

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1432-7_ch1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) Report also postulated that potential explanatory factors include climate change, conflict and slowed economic development, all of which contributes to an increased socioeconomic inequality in food insecurity and malnutrition between urban and rural regions (32). More efforts and attention are needed to reduce inequality gap in relation to socioeconomic status among ethnic minorities or vulnerable populations living in the poor, remote mountainous areas (33). Thus, national policies and intervention programmes should address age-specific, sex-specific, geographical and socioeconomic disparities to ensure it reaches people at greatest risk and in greatest need.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities associated with the triple burden of malnutrition in Vietnamese children aged 6 months to 9 years old: Findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020

Tan,

Som,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: The triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) is a growing public health issue worldwide. This study examined the prevalence and association between undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), and the associated demographic and socioeconomic determinants, among Vietnamese children, using the nationally representative General Nutrition Survey 2020. Methods: Data on anthropometric parameters, micronutrients biomarkers, demographic and socioeconomic indicators for 7,289 children aged 6 months to 9 years old were analysed. Determinants of malnutrition were assessed using logistic regressions and reported as odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)]. Results: Overall, 12.7%, 10.5% and 4.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted/thin; while 7.3% and 7.1% were living with overweight and obesity, respectively. Low serum zinc, anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) were the common MNDs observed, affecting 53.1%, 15.2% and 13.9% of the study participants. Older children aged 2-4 years old [OR (95% CI): 1.43 (1.20, 1.72)], ethnic minorities [5.94 (3.78, 9.36)] and living in mountainous areas [5.06 (1.18, 14.42)] had increased odds of stunting, whereas reduced odds were found in children from the richest quintile [0.13 (0.05, 0.32)]. Similar determinants were found to be associated with underweight and MNDs. Males [1.43 (1.16, 1.76)], children aged 5-9 years old [10.02 (6.71, 14.97) and children from the richest quintile [2.91 (1.20, 7.05)] had increased odds of overweight. Children with anaemia, low serum retinol and low serum zinc had increased odds of stunting and underweight than non-micronutrient deficient children (adjusted OR=1.43-1.71). Compared to children without MNDs, those with ≥3 MNDs had almost double the odds of stunting and underweight, whereas those with ≤3 MNDs had reduced odds of overweight (adjusted OR=0.38-0.60). Conclusions: Significant demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in child malnutrition were identified. National policies and programmes in Vietnam should address age-specific, sex-specific, geographical and socioeconomic disparities to accelerate progress in reducing child malnutrition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities associated with the triple burden of malnutrition in Vietnamese children aged 6 months to 9 years old: Findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020

Tan,

Som,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Despite Vietnam’s remarkable progress in improving maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) outcomes during the era of the Millennium Development Goals, increasing evidence demonstrates that ethnic minority communities living in remote areas have not benefited equally from this progress—MNCH inequities between the Kinh (ethnic majority group in Vietnam) and ethnic minority communities have in fact widened [ 1 - 3 ]. There are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, with the Kinh majority representing 85% (98 million) of the national population and 53 ethnic minority groups representing the remaining 15%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among ethnic minority populations, 75% live in 13 provinces in the northern mountain and central highlands regions, which are known for high concentrations of poverty [ 3 ]. Ethnic minority populations in Vietnam have higher total fertility rates, adolescent birth rates, and infant and child mortality rates and lower life expectancies [ 1 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shaped by decades of structural deprivation and social exclusion, specific factors contributing to the profound MNCH disparities faced by ethnic minority populations are limited access to education, economic marginalization, remote and rural residence (where there are fewer and lower capacity health centers and a documented shortage of health workers [ 5 , 6 ]), limited access to MNCH information, low reproductive health knowledge, language barriers, and poor access to and uptake of perinatal care services [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 ]. A 2021 study found that economic marginalization and living over 5 km from the nearest health facility were associated with having fewer than 4 antenatal care visits [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting and Scaling a Digital Health Intervention to Improve Maternal and Child Health Among Ethnic Minority Women in Vietnam Amid the COVID-19 Context: Protocol for the dMOM Project

McBride¹,

O’Neil²,

Chi³

et al. 2023

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Due to interconnected structural determinants including low maternal health knowledge, economic marginalization, and remoteness from low-capacity health centers, ethnic minority women in remote areas of Vietnam face severe maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) inequities. As ethnic minorities represent 15% of the Vietnamese population, these disparities are significant. mMOM—a pilot mobile health (mHealth) intervention using SMS text messaging to improve MNCH outcomes among ethnic minority women in northern Vietnam—was implemented from 2013-2016 with promising results. Despite mMOM’s findings, exacerbated MNCH inequities, and digital health becoming more salient amid COVID-19, mHealth has not yet been scaled to address MNCH among ethnic minority women in Vietnam. Objective We describe the protocol for adapting, expanding, and exponentially scaling the mMOM intervention qualitatively through adding COVID-19–related MNCH guidance and novel technological components (mobile app and artificial intelligence chatbots) and quantitatively through broadening the geographical area to reach exponentially more participants, within the evolving COVID-19 context. Methods dMOM will be conducted in 4 phases. (1) Drawing on a review of international literature and government guidelines on MNCH amid COVID-19, mMOM project components will be updated to respond to COVID-19 and expanded to include a mobile app and artificial intelligence chatbots to more deeply engage participants. (2) Using an intersectionality lens and participatory action research approach, a scoping study and rapid ethnographic fieldwork will explore ethnic minority women’s unmet MNCH needs; acceptability and accessibility of digital health; technical capacity of commune health centers; gendered power dynamics and cultural, geographical, and social determinants impacting health outcomes; and multilevel impacts of COVID-19. Findings will be applied to further refine the intervention. (3) dMOM will be implemented and incrementally scaled across 71 project communes. (4) dMOM will be evaluated to assess whether SMS text messaging or mobile app delivery engenders better MNCH outcomes among ethnic minority women. The documentation of lessons learned and dMOM models will be shared with Vietnam’s Ministry of Health for adoption and further scaling up. Results The dMOM study was funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in November 2021, cofacilitated by the Ministry of Health, and is being coimplemented by provincial health departments in 2 mountainous provinces. Phase 1 was initiated in May 2022, and phase 2 is planned to begin in December 2022. The study is expected to be complete in June 2025. Conclusions dMOM research outcomes will generate important empirical evidence on the effectiveness of leveraging digital health to address intractable MNCH inequities among ethnic minority women in low-resource settings in Vietnam and provide critical information on the processes of adapting mHealth interventions to respond to COVID-19 and future pandemics. Finally, dMOM activities, models, and findings will inform a national intervention led by the Ministry of Health. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/44720

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Introduction

Cited by 2 publications

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Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities associated with the triple burden of malnutrition in Vietnamese children aged 6 months to 9 years old: Findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020

Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities associated with the triple burden of malnutrition in Vietnamese children aged 6 months to 9 years old: Findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020

Adapting and Scaling a Digital Health Intervention to Improve Maternal and Child Health Among Ethnic Minority Women in Vietnam Amid the COVID-19 Context: Protocol for the dMOM Project

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