In this analysis, I examine the effect of social-structural factors associated with the passage of time on carbon dioxide (CO 2) per capita, while also accounting for global power relations. I use World Development Indicator data on 91 nations over a 60year period. I control for global power relations using Clark and Beckfield's (2009) trichotomous world-system categories to assign each country to a world-system stratum. I then use a hierarchical linear growth curve model to highlight the extent to which countries belonging to core, semi-periphery, and periphery categories are able to rely upon changes captured by the passage of time, such as improvements in technology, to reduce CO 2 emissions per capita. Key findings indicate that, in nations belonging to the core and semi-periphery, such factors are associated with increases in CO 2 emissions per capita, rather than the decreases that might be expected.