Introduction: Politics on Border – Critical Reflections on the Pakistan–Afghanistan Borderland

Raza, Syed Sami; Shapiro, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/14650045.2019.1571487

Cited by 5 publications

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“…But that is changing. This issue joins a robust tradition in this journal, bringing critical geopolitical inquiry of outer space to complement the issues of the subterranean (Squire and Dodds 2019), peripheries (Hörschelmann et al 2019), borders (dell'Agnese andSzary 2015;Raza and Shapiro 2019) and the intimate (Barabantseva, Mhurchú, and Spike Peterson 2019). The authors in this collection hope that readers will be inspired to revisit their more familiar domains of inquiry, to search for the inextricable interconnections with the outer space, and to engage in the important work of keeping the cosmos free and peaceful for all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Critical Geopolitics of Outer Space

Klinger

2020

Geopolitics

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The 2019 US Congressional decision to create a "Space Force" as the sixth branch of the US military (Zengerle 2019) should prompt some inquiry into what sort of geopolitics are at work in and through outer space. This was followed, in the depths of the COVID-19 Pandemic and National State of Emergency, by the April 6, 2020 Executive Order to promote private sector mining of the Moon and other planets. Popular fictions aside, these decisions were not inevitable, nor did they result from a legal vacuum. Outer space is governed by the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial bodies (also known as the OST), which was signed by 132 countries including the United States, Russia, and China. With this treaty, the international community did something remarkable. In the depths of the Cold War, the OST constituted an agreement to treat outer space in a fundamentally different manner than nearly all other global commons in the last 500 years. Having long foreseen the dangers of remaking outer space into the next frontier for colonization, resource extraction, and militarization, the OST designated outer space as our "common heritage" and permits only "peaceful use" in the "province of all [hu]mankind" (UN 1967).The OST prohibits claims of sovereignty "by means of use or appropriation or by any other means." This treaty makes space open to all for peaceful exploration and discovery -always. This means that you cannot plant a flag on a celestial body to call it your own, regardless of what contemporary would-be colonizers might think. Contrary to the language of the 2015 SPACE (Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship) Act signed into law by former US President Obama, you cannot claim "finders keepers" and then set up a mine that pulverizes other worlds into commodities to be sold to the highest bidder, even if you are a US citizen. It most certainly means that you cannot turn your space station or lunar base into a military garrison and then threaten to rain down death and destruction on your fellow humans. In fact, weapons and the use of force are forbidden in outer space, so it is unclear what 2019 US Congressional decision to allocate funding to create the Space Force CONTACT

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Critical Geopolitics of Outer Space

Klinger

2020

Geopolitics

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“…One of the strengths of the disciplines of geography and border studies are the careful and detailed local studies of individual borders. Beyond the many studies of the US-Mexico and EU borderlands, some excellent examples from other places around the world are Hosna Shewly's work on the India Bangladesh border (2013), the articles in this special issue on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border (Raza and Shapiro 2019), Claire Beaugrand's work on borders and Kuwaiti identity (Beaugrand 2017) or Martin Doevenspeck's work on the Congo-Rwanda border (Doevenspeck 2011). However, as I watched the turn to border walls and the global phenomenon of migrant deaths, I felt like I was in a unique position to write a comparative account, drawing together these disparate strands into a broader global study.…”

Section: The Violence Of Borders Has Only Gotten Worsementioning

confidence: 99%

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İşleyen

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et al. 2020

Political Geography

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“…It illustrates the continued centrality of state power and the traditional geopolitical narratives of state-led grand strategy. At the same time, the states' insistence on territorial preservation and integrity indicates the instability of territorial sovereignty and masks shifts in the effective control of space and political subjectivity (Raza and Shapiro, 2019;Yorgason, 2017). The research on the BRI also illuminates the dynamic interplay between intraregional and extraregional narratives: despite the emphasis on Chinese government policy in the official rhetoric, China constantly renegotiates its engagement with other parts of the world (Woon, 2018).…”

Section: The Making Of Macro-regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political geography III: Bounding the International

Kuus

2019

Progress in Human Geography

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This report focuses on the imaginaries and practices that demarcate space at the international and supranational scale. I will first review political geographic scholarship on region-making and regionalism, using the studies of Europe and the Belt and Road Initiative as examples, and I will then highlight some central themes in the current research on international borders. The report highlights the flexibility of bounding practices and the polymorphic character of borders. It underscores the resilience of state power and the transformations of sovereignty currently under way. It concludes by underscoring the interdisciplinary character of the relevant work.

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Introduction: Politics on Border – Critical Reflections on the Pakistan–Afghanistan Borderland

Cited by 5 publications

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Critical Geopolitics of Outer Space

Critical Geopolitics of Outer Space

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Political geography III: Bounding the International

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