Introduction. Pesticides: Past and Present

Sánchez, José Ramón Bertomeu

doi:10.2478/host-2019-0001

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The case of the vanilla boom illustrates the intersecting forms of commodity violence that permeate the production and trade of global resources. This widespread commodity violence includes, among other abuses, the violent excess of militias (Hoffman 2011; Le Billon 2008), the gendered harassment of workers (Barndt 2007; Estabrook 2011; Sciurba and Palumbo 2018), the detrimental health and environmental effects of toxic chemicals and pollution (Bertomeu‐Sánchez 2019; Flachs 2019; Jacka 2018; Shattuck 2019), and the mobilization of forced child labor (Neumayer and de Soysa 2005; Ramos 2018). Such cases reflect the entrenched structural relationships of violence in global economic markets, as the bodies of laborers are exploited and dehumanized within systems that concentrate wealth and power in particular socioeconomic groups (Calvão 2016; Holmes 2013).…”

Section: The Tensions Inherent In Two Orangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Nobody wants to kill”

Osterhoudt

2020

American Ethnologist

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Vanilla prices in Madagascar have reached historic highs. For the country's vanilla-producing smallholders, the influx of new wealth has resulted in profound affective changes-in large part owing to vanilla theft, which has become widespread. Anxiety and anger are rampant in vanilla-producing communities, and these feelings are increasingly channeled into deadly mob violence against accused thieves. Rather than random acts, these extrajudicial killings are structured by localized cultural, material, and affective forms, as people enact and embody commodity violence in intimate, often contradictory ways. Commodity violence emerges as an additional form of unwanted emotional and physical labor for smallholders. With the vanilla market, as with commodity markets more generally, it is those with the least to gain who are disproportionately exposed to violence and harm. [commodity booms, affect, structure of feeling, vigilante violence, smallholders, vanilla, Madagascar] Niakatra be ny vidin'ny lavaný ao Madagasikara tato hoato. Nisy fiantraikany goavana amin'ireo mpamokatra lavaný madinika ao antoerana anefa izany fiakarana harena vaovao izany-indrindra nohon'ny halatra lavaný izay nirongatra be ihany tato hoato. Manjaka loatra ny tahotra sy ny hatezerana eny anivon'ny fiaraha-monin'ny mpamokatra lavaný, hany ka lasa mampihatra fitsaràm-bahoaka amin'ireo voapanga sy voatonontonona ho mpangalatra ny olona. Tsy tongatonga hoazy anefa izany fitsaràm-bahoaka izany, fa zavatra volavolain'ny olona avy amin'ny kolotsaina sy ny dinam-pokonolona eo antoerana, ampiharina amin'ireo manao herisetra aterakin'ny fiakaran'ny vidim-bokatra, izay matetika mifanohitra amin'ny fomba tokony ho izy ihany. Lasa manampy trotraka ny fahasahiranan'ny mpamokatra madinika ny fisian'ny herisetra aterakin'ny fiakaran'ny vidim-bokatra, na ara-pihetseham-pó izany, na ara-batana. Ireo mpamokatra madinika no tena iharan'ny voina sy fahavoazana, na eo amin'ny sehatry ny tsenan'ny lavaný izany, na eo amin'ny sehatry ny tsenam-bokatra ankapobeny. [firoboroboam-bokatra, fiantraika, fifandroritan-kevitra, fitsaràm-bahoaka, mpamokatra madinika, lavaný, Madagasikara] Le cours de la vanille à Madagascar a atteint de nouveaux records. Pour les petits producteurs de vanille du pays, cette nouvelle richesse est venue avec de profonds changements affectifs en grande partie dus à l'explosion des vols de vanille. L'anxiété et la colère qui sévissent dans les communautés productrices de vanille se manifestent de plus en plus par le lynchage des individus mis en cause. Loin d'être aléatoires, ces exécutions extrajudiciaires sont l'expression de formes culturelles, matérielles et affectives localisées qui se manifestent par l'adoption et l'incarnation de la brutalité marchande de manières intimes et souvent contradictoires. Pour les petits producteurs, cette brutalité marchande apparaît comme une tâche émotionnelle et physique indésirable qui s'ajoute dans le cadre de leur travail. Sur le marché de la vanille, comme c'est le cas en général sur les marchés des produi...

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Section: The Tensions Inherent In Two Orangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Nobody wants to kill”

Osterhoudt

2020

American Ethnologist

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“…Pesticides are any substance used to control certain forms of pests from plant or animal life. 1 On the other hand, the unprotected use of these chemicals can pose serious risks to human health and the environment. 2 The negative effect of exposure to pesticide chemicals during agricultural activities are high in farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Pesticide Use and Occupational Exposure Among Small-Scale Farmers in Western Ethiopia

Afata

Mekonen

Shekelifa

et al. 2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of pesticide use and its occupational exposure among small-scale farmers in the Kellem Wellega Zone of western Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 249 small-scale farmers’ households through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis was applied, and a P-value <.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of pesticide use was 87.15%. About 44.2%, 40.2%, and 43.8% of the study participants were classified as having poor knowledge, poor practice, and negative attitude toward pesticide use, respectively. Thus, small-scale farmers whose age was greater than 40 years were 7.87 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those whose age was less than 20 years (AOR = 7.87; 95% CI: 1.75-35.45) and skin contact (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15-0.91). Most farmers who were directly involved in agriculture were 2.22 times more likely to be exposed to the inhalation of pesticide chemicals than those involved in another activity (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.14-4.33). Based on educational level, small-scale farmers who have a primary school and above were 81% less likely to inhale pesticide chemicals than those who did not have formal education (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09-0.41). Furthermore, low-income small-scale farmers were 2.62 times more likely to be exposed to coughing (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.25-5.51) than high-income participants. Furthermore, farmers with good knowledge were 1.79 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those with poor knowledge (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.0-3.17). Farmers with poor practice were 1.85 times more likely to show coughing symptoms than those with good practice (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.08-3.2), and farmers with good practice were 48% less likely to be exposed to headache than those with poor practice (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31-0.88). Conclusions: This study shows that small-scale farmers were exposed to pesticides through coughing, headache, skin irritation, inhalation, and skin contact. Low level of knowledge, poor practice, job, low income, older age, and educational level.

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“…The growth of human activities requires a continuous enhancement of the quality and stability of products, which in a certain manner results in using new substances that cause pollution of the environment. Chemical pesticide application in fruit crops is necessary to control pests that reduce production, and also to provide better quality fruit for consumers [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiabendazole Fungicide Adsorption Onto Four Agricultural Soils Collected from the Loukkos Area of Northwestern Morocco

Azzouzi

Aggadi

Ennouhi

et al. 2022

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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A serious environmental problem can arise from the presence of pesticides in soils and waters. Hence, in this study we have carried out the adsorption of the Thiabendazole fungicide onto four soils collected from several areas in Morocco as Larache, Laouamra, Ksar kebir and Tlata drissana. Physicochemical properties, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated to characterise the four selected soils. The experimental equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich models. The equilibrium data were best described by a Langmuir model for all adsorbents. The maximum estimated adsorption capacity was 0.747 mg∙g−1, 0.751 mg∙g−1, 0.473 mg∙g−1 and 1.083 mg∙g−1, for Larache, Laouamra, Ksar kebir and Tlata drissana soils, respectively.

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Introduction. Pesticides: Past and Present

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

“Nobody wants to kill”

“Nobody wants to kill”

Prevalence of Pesticide Use and Occupational Exposure Among Small-Scale Farmers in Western Ethiopia

Thiabendazole Fungicide Adsorption Onto Four Agricultural Soils Collected from the Loukkos Area of Northwestern Morocco

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