“…transmitted from teacher to student (e.g., Author, 2005;McIvor, 2020;Nicholas, 2009;Pennycook, 2017). Language is multimodal practice, something that we 'do', drawing on a wide variety of semiotic and material resources available for meaning-making in everyday interaction (Canagarajah, 2018;Erickson, 2017;Eskildsen et al, 2019;Goodwin, 2013Goodwin, , 2018. We use language to 'build' things in the social and material world (Streeck et al, 2011) such as identity, membership, inquiry, and knowledge (Canagarajah, 2018;Gee, 2000;Meek, 2007;Nicholas, 2009;Pennycook, 2017), and to express and resist socially and historically situated power dynamics (Norton & Toohey, 2011).…”