Introduction of the exotic ticks<i>Amblyomma humerale</i>koch and<i>Amblyomma geoemydae</i>(Cantor) (Acari: Ixodidae) into the United States on imported reptiles

Simmons, Leigh-Anne; Burridge, M. J.

doi:10.1080/01647950008684194

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In 1997, the exotic African tortoise tick Amblyomma marmoreum was identified in Florida outside importation facilities on a reptile breeding operation where it had become established 1. Subsequent investigations found that at least 11 exotic tick species had been imported into Florida on reptiles, with at least seven species disseminated to reptile breeding facilities, zoos, wildlife theme parks, pet stores, wild‐life care centers, and collections of private hobbyists 2,3. These findings demonstrated an unregulated flow of exotic ticks into the United States through Florida.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and Eradication of Chelonian Tick Infestations, with Particular Reference to Vectors of Heartwater

Burridge

Simmons

Peter³

et al. 2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Studies using the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum) and leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) demonstrated that cyfluthrin and permethrin were safe and efficacious acaricides for control of Amblyomma ticks on tortoises. A protocol was developed that successfully eradicated an A. sparsum infestation from a tortoise breeding facility in Florida. It involved treatment of all tortoises with a permethrin formulation, followed by treatment of the premises with a cyfluthrin formulation. Sentinel tortoises were later placed on the treated premises to establish successful tick eradication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and Eradication of Chelonian Tick Infestations, with Particular Reference to Vectors of Heartwater

Burridge

Simmons

Peter³

et al. 2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Nevertheless, other reptiles and mammals can also be infested by these ticks, and even birds are sometimes infested by their immature stages (Takahashi et al ., ). Published records for chelonian infestation by A. geoemydae contain at least 18 host species (Table ), with yellow‐marginated box turtle ( Cuora flavomarginata ) and black‐breasted leaf turtle ( Geoemyda spengleri ) comprising frequently reported hosts (Simmons & Burridge, ; Robbins et al ., ).…”

Section: Chelonian Hosts Reported Up To Now For Amblyomma Geoemydaementioning

confidence: 99%

Long term persistence of introduced Amblyomma geoemydae tick population under indoor conditions in Austria

Bilbija

Auer

Široký

2019

Medical Vet Entomology

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An indoor terrarium population of Amblyomma geoemydae was established subsequent to the import of a single yellow-marginated box turtle Cuora flavomarginata. This indoor tick population revealed an unexpected resistance against de-ticking trials, with persistence between 2010 and 2015, when the ticks were successfully eliminated. Ticks were collected from the bodies and shells of turtles, as well as from terraria soil. Species diagnosis of ticks was carried out according to distinguishable morphological characters and supported by molecular analysis using DNA-barcoding. Introduced exotic ticks are potential vectors of pathogens and can have an impact on wildlife, domestic animals and the human population. This case emphasizes the need for sharp surveillance and control measures on imported reptiles.

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“…Results of recent studies by the author and his colleagues (Allan et al, 1998;Burridge et al, 2000a;Simmons & Burridge, 2000) have shown the ease with which exotic ticks have been introduced into the United States on imported reptiles and disseminated from importers to breeders, zoos, wildlife theme parks, pet stores and private hobbyists. Once introduced, some exotic species have spread to new hosts.…”

Section: Diseases Associated With Reptilian Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) spread by the international trade in reptiles andtheir potential roles in dissemination of diseases

Burridge

2001

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The international trade in live reptiles has grown dramatically in the last decade. Since many of these reptiles are infested with ticks, the number of ticks introduced to new exotic locations has also increased. This is causing concern in importing countries such as the United States because some of the reptilian ticks are known to be vectors of diseases of veterinary and economic importance, such as heartwater. Rational measures to control these tick species and to eradicate new introductions have been slow to develop due in part to the scattered and often obscure sources of available data on the exotic ticks. This review is an attempt to collate information on the geographical distribution, host range, life cycle and associations with diseases for four Amblyomma species, A. marmoreum Koch, A. nuttalli Dönitz, A. sabanerae Stoll and A. sparsum Neumann, and for four Aponommaspecies, A. exornatum (Koch), A. flavomaculatum (Lucas), A. latum(Koch) and A. varanensis (Supino), that have recently been introduced into Florida, USA on imported reptiles.

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Introduction of the exotic ticksAmblyomma humeralekoch andAmblyomma geoemydae(Cantor) (Acari: Ixodidae) into the United States on imported reptiles

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Control and Eradication of Chelonian Tick Infestations, with Particular Reference to Vectors of Heartwater

Control and Eradication of Chelonian Tick Infestations, with Particular Reference to Vectors of Heartwater

Long term persistence of introduced Amblyomma geoemydae tick population under indoor conditions in Austria

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) spread by the international trade in reptiles andtheir potential roles in dissemination of diseases

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