Introduction: Nanomedicine in the Brain

Li, Tianqi; Huang, Liwen; Xue, Xue

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8731-9_1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The most accepted hypothesis explains that the pathological aggregation of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein contributes towards the induction of AD. The Aβ assembles itself into neurotoxic fibrils which get deposited in the hippocampus and other regions of the brain in the form of plaques [23]. In its initial stage, the person only suffers minor memory lapses but as the condition worsens, it slowly impairs cognitive and behavioural abilities such as understanding, attention, language, thinking, and judgement [24].…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…FDA has approved only four drugs which are galantamine, memantine, donepezil, and rivastigmine for AD's treatment [27]. All these drugs attack the CNS cholinergic pathway or glutaminergic pathway providing symptomatic relief only [23,28]. There are also drugs like Suvorexant thats treats the non-cognitive complications associated with AD like insomnia [29].…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanozymes for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Yadav¹,

Nara²

2022

Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022)

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Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable diseases that get worse as time passes. These diseases are very heterogeneous in nature but have common characteristics like abnormal deposition of protein, glycation, inflammation in particular areas of the brain, and progressive neuronal loss due to oxidative stress. Among these, oxidative stress alone causes a high level of degeneration of neurons. To reduce oxidative stress, natural antioxidants are used but they have some drawbacks like instability, high cost and low reusability. To overcome this, nanozymes are introduced and we have emphasized on major nanozymes whose antioxidant capability has been proven which are gold nanozymes, fullerene, nanoceria, and quantum dots. Gold nanoparticles and their conjugates with other molecules can mimic the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase which decrease the amount of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals in cells. Gold Nanozyme treatment reduces the oxidative stress, nitrite, and sulfhydryl levels in the brain and also rectifies the superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase activity levels. Fullerenols has shown superoxide dismutase activity which was 268 times more effective than mannitol and 37 times more effective than Vitamin E for lipid radicals. Nanoceria has the ability to mimic Superoxide Dismutase as well as catalase activity, can also detoxify peroxynitrite. Quantum dots (QDs) like Graphene Oxide QDs can scavenge the reactive oxygen species and also show indirect activity which alleviates the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, a nanozyme can be used as an efficient nanomedicine if it is tailored to possess high catalytic activity while eliminating all complications.

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Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%