Introduction

Overarmed or underdressed? whistleblowers between anti-discrimination law and freedom of expression

“…European countries’ legislation on whistleblower protection is being given a boost by the entry into force of Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of European Union law. With regard to whistleblower legislation, the situation of European states varies greatly (Apaza and Chang, 2017; Fasterling, 2014; Lewis, 2010a; Skupień, 2021; Thüsing and Forst, 2016; Transparency International, 2013). Some countries like the United Kingdom (Gobert and Punch, 2000; Lewis, 1998, 2001, 2010b; Middlemiss, 2017), Australia (Dworkin and Brown, 2013; Hardy and Williams, 2014), Ireland (Keating and Keating, 2013; Kierans, 2015) have developed detailed legislation.…”