Introduction: Issues and Debates in the Professionalisation of Women's Sport

Bowes, Ali; Culvin, Alex

doi:10.1108/978-1-80043-196-620211001

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Increasingly so given we found no evidence of meaningful improvement over the last decade. Despite some areas of growth across both women's and girls' sport through increased professionalisation and participation rates at both the elite and recreational levels (Bowes & Culvin, 2021;Roper & Polasek, 2019), sport psychology may be poorly equipped to provide evidence-based services and interventions for this population. Indeed, it is fair to assume based on these results, that female participants in sport are likely to be receiving coaching, support, and psychological strategies informed from a heavily male oriented evidence-base.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Walton

Gwyther

Gao

et al. 2022

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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There are concerns that the field of sport and exercise psychology is limited by insufficient consideration for the demographic, socioeconomic and cultural identities and experiences of participants. This study specifically quantified gender balance among sport and exercise psychology samples for the very first time. Articles published within five leading journals in the field across three separate years (2010, 2015, 2020) were included. Across the 627 studies, data were collected from 258,160 participants. Of these, 138,133 were men/boys (54%), 119,398 were women/girls (46%), and 629 were non-binary or not reported (0.2%; 432 not reported, 197 identified as non-binary or another gender). We demonstrated that studies which focused on sportrather than exercisepsychology, significantly under-represented women/girls. Specifically, the OR for sport as compared to exercise, was 4.94 (95% CI = 3.19-7.64, p < .001), suggesting a markedly increased likelihood of male participation. Nearly one in five studies in sport psychology included exclusively male participants, compared to just 7% with females. Studies conducted in Europe, as well as those exploring interventions and experimental research, were also associated with an over-representation of male participants. Important questions are raised as to the conduct of representative research in the field of applied sport psychology, with recommendations provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Walton

Gwyther

Gao

et al. 2022

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following this analysis, two workshops were conducted with current students on the sport-related degree programmes, with both taking place in March 2020 and lasting around 90 min. Although workshops have often been marginalised in qualitative research, they can be useful for brainstorming, and sharing knowledge, questions, concerns and ideas (Caretta and Vacchelli, 2015). They were chosen over focus groups to ensure a more informal and relaxed approach, and for a more natural flow of conversation between workshop participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“That's where you start to think like, does anyone actually listen to or watch women's sport?” Gender Regimes and Students Experiences on Higher Education Sport Courses

Velija

Phipps

2022

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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In this article we apply theoretical tools from the work of Elias and Connell to critically discuss the ways in which gender relations on Higher Education sport courses are manifested and experienced by students. Drawing on data from an analysis of curriculum, as well as interviews, surveys and workshops with students across a range of sport courses at one university, we explore curriculum design and the ways in which knowledge is presented which both marginalises and compartmentalises issues of gender, as well as presenting knowledge as gender neutral. This article provides a critical understanding of how knowledge about gender and women's sport features and is taught in UK Higher Education sport courses, alongside how students experiences in the classroom to provide an understanding which reinforces existing gender regimes and gender relations.

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“…While promoting discourses of women's empowerment, FIFA has also long exhibited a “strange ambivalence” (Dunn, 2016, p. 17) toward women's soccer, treating it as a second-class, “historical stepchild” (Bob & Swart, 2010, p. 87) to men's soccer while also presenting themselves as champions of gender equality. For instance, FIFA's 2018 Women's Football Strategy notes that, “Years of institutional neglect and a lack of investment have prevented girls and women from playing the game and from assuming roles in technical, administrative and governance functions” (p. 4), yet fails to recognize FIFA's own complicity in this neglect (Bowes & Culvin, 2021). The very organization of World Cup tournaments is founded in systemic sexism, both drawing from and reinforcing ideologies of women's difference from and inferiority to men.…”

Section: Gender Sport Mega-events and The Women's World Cupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The World Cup of Empowerment” and “They Really Missed the Ball”: Gender Discourses at the 2019 Women’s World Cup

Allison

2023

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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The FIFA Women's World Cup disseminates ideas about gender, women, and sport to a global audience. I report on a short-term ethnography involving participant observation at the 2019 Women's World Cup and in-depth interviews with fan attendees to examine the gender discourses produced through the tournament and fans’ responses to them. Integrating the concept of neoliberal postfeminism with an affective lens, I illustrate how discourses of empowerment and the progress of women's sport circulate positive affects in order to bring fans into neoliberal postfeminist ideas, ultimately presenting tournament organizers as benevolent supporters of women. While fans sometimes produced these discourses themselves, finding them emotionally resonant, they also championed a discourse of inequality that was skeptical about organizations’ true commitments and circulated an affect of frustration to call public attention to gender inequality. Fans’ simultaneous embrace and rejection of empowerment and progress discourses reveal both their reflexive agency and the powerful emotional pull that these discourses present.

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Introduction: Issues and Debates in the Professionalisation of Women's Sport

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology

“That's where you start to think like, does anyone actually listen to or watch women's sport?” Gender Regimes and Students Experiences on Higher Education Sport Courses

“The World Cup of Empowerment” and “They Really Missed the Ball”: Gender Discourses at the 2019 Women’s World Cup

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