Introduction into Italy of <i>Gryon pennsylvanicum</i> (Ashmead), an egg parasitoid of the alien invasive bug <i>Leptoglossus occidentalis</i> Heidemann

Roversi, Pio Federico; Strong, Ward B.; Caleca, Virgilio; Maltese, Matteo; Peverieri, Giuseppino Sabbatini; Marianelli, Leonardo; Marziali, Lorenzo; Strangi, Agostino

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2011.02439.x

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Leptoglossus occidentalis is another species for which there are biological pest control programs, such as the use of the parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) [289]. Yet, laboratory tests have not yielded positive results on the eggs of L. occidentalis [290].…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine Pitch Canker and Insects: Regional Risks, Environmental Regulation, and Practical Management Options

Fernández

Naves

Musolin

et al. 2019

Forests

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Pine pitch canker (PPC), caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O' Donnell), is a serious threat to pine forests globally. The recent introduction of the pathogen 2 of 34 to Southern Europe and its spread in Mediterranean region is alarming considering the immense ecological and economic importance of pines in the region. Pines in forests and nurseries can be infected, resulting in severe growth losses and mortality. The pathogen is known to spread in plants for planting and in seeds, and results from recent studies have indicated that F. circinatum may also spread through phoretic associations with certain insects. With this review, we aim to expand the current understanding of the risk of insect-mediated spread of PPC in different parts of Europe. Through the joint action of a multinational researcher team, we collate the existing information about the insect species spectrum in different biogeographic conditions and scrutinize the potential of these insects to transmit F. circinatum spores in forests and nurseries. We also discuss the impact of environmental factors and forest management in this context. We present evidence for the existence of a high diversity of insects with potential to weaken pines and disseminate PPC in Europe, including several common beetle species. In many parts of Europe, temperatures are projected to rise, which may promote the activity of several insect species, supporting multivoltinism and thus, further amplifying the risk of insect-mediated dissemination of PPC. Integrated pest management (IPM) solutions that comply with forest management practices need to be developed to reduce this risk. We recommend careful monitoring of insect populations as the basis for successful IPM. Improved understanding of environmental control of the interaction between insects, the pathogen, and host trees is needed in order to support development of bio-rational strategies to safeguard European pine trees and forests against F. circinatum in future.

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Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine Pitch Canker and Insects: Regional Risks, Environmental Regulation, and Practical Management Options

Fernández

Naves

Musolin

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…WCSB has also been thought to deteriorate the production of pine nuts for human consumption in Italian stone pine (P. pinea) stands. Pine nuts production is decreased by the activities of WCSB in Italy, resulting in lower income [96] for forest owners. Furthermore, it is notorious for causing a nuisance and damage to plumbing materials when adult aggregates invade residential buildings for overwintering [84,86,97].…”

Section: Pathogens and Pests Of Pine Nutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine Nuts: A Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development

Awan

Pettenella

2017

Forests

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Pine nuts are non-wood forest products (NWFP) with a constantly growing market notwithstanding a series of phytosanitary issues and related trade problems. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the relationship between phytosanitary problems and trade development. Production and trade of pine nuts in Mediterranean Europe have been negatively affected by the spreading of Diplodia sapinea (a fungus) associated with an adventive insect Leptoglossus occidentalis (fungal vector), with impacts on forest management, production and profitability and thus in value chain organization. Reduced availability of domestic production in markets with a growing demand has stimulated the import of pine nuts. China has become a leading exporter of pine nuts, but its export is affected by a symptom caused by the nuts of some pine species: 'pine nut syndrome' (PNS). Most of the studies mentioned in the literature review concern PNS occurrence associated with the nuts of Pinus armandii. We highlight the need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the pine nuts value chain organization, where research on food properties and clinical toxicology may be connected to breeding and forest management, forest pathology and entomology, and trade development.

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“…In Italy at the end of the 1990s the total weight of pine cones for pine nut production for food was about 40,000 tonnes per year. Since the introduction of the pest, production of pine nuts has rapidly decreased and in 2009 cone harvests from Italian stone pine forests declined by as much as 95% (Roversi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Hemipteramentioning

confidence: 99%