Introduction

A policy framework for the circular economy: Lessons from the EU

“…Examples of energy policies are regulatory stipulations and definitions of allowable energy types, additions to the energy mix like solar, wind, and biomass generation, and the creation of an 'energy union' that fosters transnational collaboration on energy sustainability. Topics in this category are relatively underresearched, with only four of 572 studies (Contreras et al, 2020;Biernaski and Silva, 2018;de Zwaan et al, 2016). 4 The design category (Table 3a) includes activities related to defining the following characteristics of products or services: (i) inputs (e.g., materials), (ii) physical layout and aesthetics, (iii) processes through which the product or service is offered, (iv) production process, and (v) the way a product or service is treated at the end of its life-cycle.…”