“…Indeed, the Cold War and decolonization were intense social contests involving starkly divergent (even irreconcilable) ideologies and related normative packages: communism, socialism, liberalism, self-determination, trusteeship, etc. And yet, despite such social conflict, "humanity" (and its cognates, including "peacelovingness" and non-aggression) seemed at the time broad enough idioms that most state ideologies could construe and claim as their own (Betts, 2016;Hoffman, 2010;Özsu, 2016). Betts notes that after the war, "humanity remained a slippery term, and could be aligned to various causes, be they liberal or Christian, fascist, communist or racist" (2016: 62) Scholars of humanitarianism argue that, despite postwar political fractures, in the twentieth century "a secularized humanity became more fashionable and more widely regarded as providing the transcendent foundations for an international community defined by considerable diversity" (Barnett, 2011: 101-102).…”