Introduction, Conclusions and Recommendations

Scaling of wetted-transom resistance for improved full-scale ship performance predictions

“…However, k-𝜔 SST indicates a relatively weak longitudinal vorticity as the Q iso-surface following the stern bulb dies out quickly. Similar observations were also concluded by Hino et al (2020) since more longitudinal vorticity with the EASM turbulence model was associated with increased vorticity production thanks to turbulence anisotropy.…”

“…13 which shows that the flow reattachment point is further downstream for the EASM compared to the k-𝜔 SST both in model and full-scale. In other terms, the recirculation region is slightly larger for the EASM turbulence model as it is commonly observed for the non-linear anisotropic turbulence closures (Hino et al, 2020). It is concluded that there are indeed minor differences in resistance and the local flow predictions between the two turbulence models.…”

“…The prediction of the local flow quantities in the stern region is highly dependent on the choice of the turbulence model, as concluded at the 2015 Tokyo CFD Workshop (NMRI, 2015). The comparison of the extensive local flow measurements and the CFD results with varying turbulence models indicated that two-equation models underpredict the longitudinal vorticity significantly compared to the anisotropic models (Hino et al, 2020). On the other hand, the mean absolute error of resistance predictions in the Tokyo 2015 Workshop (as well as in the 2010 Gothenburg Workshop Larsson et al, 2014) was smaller for the two-equation models than for the anisotropic models.…”

Roughness effect modelling for wall resolved RANS – Comparison of methods for marine hydrodynamics

“…The ship hull used in this investigation is the KRISO Container Ship (KCS), a standard test case in ship hydrodynamics, Hino et al (2020). The simulations are performed at a ship speed of 24 knots (12.35 m/s).…”

“…The best insight into the current state-of-theart of such model scale calculations is given by the series of Workshops on CFD in Ship Hydrodynamics. This series was initiated in 1980 and has been held every five years until 2015, Hino et al (2020). Presently, CFD is applied more and more at full-scale, see e.g., the Joint Research Project, JoRes (2022), which focuses primarily on full-scale ship hydrodynamics.…”