Introduction and Summary of Results from DSDP Leg 55, the Hawaiian-Emperor Hot-Spot Experiment

Jackson, E.D.; Koisumi, I.; Dalrymple, G. Brent; Clague, David A.; Kirkpatrick, J.; Greene, H. Gary

doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.101.1980

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Northwestward drift of islands on the Pacific lithospheric plate (island integration) may have been a fourth 'route' of colonization during the Miocene (Rotondo et al, 1981). Also some now submerged MidPacific Mountains were at sea level during the early Tertiary and may have then served as stepping stones for larval colonization during the earliest period of Hawaiian volcanism when the Emperor Seamounts were above sea level at latitudes much further south of their present location (Jackson et al, 1980). Such species, however, may not have survived widespread extinctions during the Eocene (Kay, 1980).…”

Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Midway atoll, next to the last island in the chain, is about 27.7 + 0.6 m.yr in age (Dalrymple et al, 1977). Beyond Kure, the chain continues as a series of drowned atolls (guyots) and seamounts which extend all the way to Kamchatka (Jackson et al, 1980). Physical, chemical and biological conditions of waters surrounding the Hawaiian Archipelago have Fig.…”

Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hawaiian Archipelago formed from massive eruptions through a relatively stationary 'hot spot' in the Pacific lithospheric plate as it gradually drifted to the north and northwest (Wilson, 1963;Morgan, 1972;Jackson et al, 1980). The island of Hawaii, which contains the only active volcanoes in the chain, is believed to be situated over the hotspot.…”

Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of the growth rates of living coral at the Darwin Point suggests that corals only provide about 20 % of the calcium carbonate necessary to keep pace with changes in sea level at this latitude. Since all the islands in the chain are Community structure of coral communities as measured by percent coral cover plotted against species rank order of abundance for all offshore southwest sector stations for all islands gradually eroding and subsiding as they slowly drift to the northwest due to seafloor spreading (Jackson et al, 1980) many have reached the Darwin Point, drowned, and are now guyots northwest of Kure Atoll. Recent geophysical studies have produced estimates of the dates when all of the major islands ceased major volcanic activity.…”

Section: Reef Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community structure, succession and development of coral reefs in Hawaii

Grigg¹

1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

136

110

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Reef building corals in the Hawaiian Archipelago consist of only 42 species belonging to 16 genera. The Hawaiian coral fauna is highly depauperate relative to the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, a result most likely due to geographic isolation. Although impoverished, the species composition of reef building corals is remarkably uniform throughout the archipelago. Differences in species composition which do exist appear to be caused by varying patterns of disturbance and recruitment. Although patchy distributional patterns exist within islands, the differences in species composition between islands are small. Where adequate substrata prevail within the euphotic zone most species are present. Hence species composition tends to be an all or none phenomenon. Contrary to most terrestrial ecosystems, a positive correlation does not exist between species richness and habitat area (0 to 20 m). This may be due to low habitat complexity within the zone for reef building corals and high rates of recruitment between islands. It also suggests that most reef building corals in Hawaii are generalized species. The fact that most do not drop out moving northwestward in the chain is evidence of their generalized life history (eurytopy). The most significant differences between coral reefs found on different islands, are differences in community structure. On seaward reefs differences in community structure appear to be primarily caused by differences in physical disturbance from long period swell; they can b e interpreted as differences in successional age. Moving northwestward within the chain, coral growth rates steadily decline. This has the effect of lengthening the successional process and increasing the likelihood of intervening disturbance. A hypothetical model operational over generations is presented demonstrating the effect of disturbance on the successional process for coral reefs in general. The development of large-scale morphological features such as spurs and grooves, fringing and barrier reefs and atolls involve processes operational over geological periods of time. The chronology of the Hawaiian Archipelago is now sufficiently well known to serve as a time scale against which the development of these structures can be measured.

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Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reef Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community structure, succession and development of coral reefs in Hawaii

Grigg¹

1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

136

110

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“…The chemical peculiarities of OIB and MORB are transferred to the derivative basaltic detritus. OIB detritus and OIB do not constitute the true basement to the ocean floor; they are formed on older ocean floor sediments which lie above MORB (Jackson et al, 1980 sediments were thought to be dominated by tur bidites surges of badly sorted, bottom sediments fed by a rising island arc (Kuenen, 1950). The material was volcanoclastic, diagenesis led to the formation of greywackes, and with deep burial these were melted to form new orogenic volcanics (e.g.…”

Section: History Of Nw Pacific Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%