Introduction and spread of lumpy skin disease in South, East and Southeast Asia

Roche, Xavier; Rozstalnyy, A.; TagoPacheco, Damian; Kamata, Akiko; Pittiglio, Claudia; Alcrudo, Daniel Beltran; Bisht, Khadak; Karki, Surendra; Kayamori, Jessica; Larfaoui, Fairouz; Raizman, Eran A.; VonDobschuetz, Sophie; Dhingra, Madhur S.; Sumption, Keith

doi:10.4060/cb1892en

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, since the disease is transmitted by arthropod vectors capable of moving across countries such as those reported in the farms in Nepal, it is likely that the LSD virus was introduced to Nepal by animal importation from neighboring countries or by mechanical transmission [ 4 , 5 ]. It was recently suggested that the introduction of LSD in Nepal in June 2020 was likely due to the continuous flow of informal cross-border movements of cattle from India to districts in eastern Nepal, usually by foot, given there are no official records of live cattle or buffalo imports from India in the fiscal year 2019 [ 46 ]. Currently, the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) has enforced LSD control measures such as quarantine at the border, control of vectors (flies, mosquitoes and ticks) that play an important role in LSDV transmission as well as continuous surveillance [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Koirala¹,

Meki

Maharjan³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle and buffaloes transmitted by blood-feeding vectors and causes high morbidity and low-to-moderate mortality. Since the first observation of LSD in Zambia in 1929, it has spread in cattle populations across African countries, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Following the recent outbreaks of LSD in South Asian countries such as India and Bangladesh, the disease was first reported in cattle farms in Nepal in June 2020. This study investigated the Nepalese LSD outbreak and confirmed that the disease spread rapidly to three neighboring districts in a month, infecting 1300 animals. Both cattle and buffaloes showed common clinical signs of LSD, with the exception that the buffaloes presented small nodular lesions without centered ulcerations. The collected samples were first tested for the presence of LSDV by real-time PCR. We further applied molecular tools, RPO30, GPCR, EEV glycoprotein gene, and B22R, for additional characterization of the LSDV isolates circulating in Nepal. Using a PCR-based Snapback assay, we confirmed that samples collected from cattle and buffaloes were positive of LSDV. Furthermore, sequence analysis (phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignments) of four selected LSDV genes revealed that the Nepal LSDVs resemble the Bangladesh and Indian isolates and the historic isolates from Kenya. We also highlight the importance of a unique B22R gene region harboring single-nucleotide insertions in LSDV Neethling and LSDV KSGPO-240 vaccine strains, enabling us to differentiate them from the Nepalese isolates and other fields isolates. This study demonstrates the importance of disease surveillance and the need to determine the source of the disease introduction, the extent of spread, modes of transmission, and the necessary control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Koirala¹,

Meki

Maharjan³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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“…Moreover, Chiang Mai Province has borders with a number of neighboring countries, and the incidences of cattle movement across these borders have been reported. These factors may present an increased risk for LSD outbreaks in this region [15]. However, the links that exist among LSDVs circulating in the northern part of the country, the eastern part of Thailand, and neighboring countries would need to be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding suggests that the same LSDVs play an important role for outbreaks across shared borders. It has been reported that Thailand has a high risk of LSD outbreaks because live animal trade across borders from neighboring countries is quite high [15]. Moreover, the animal trade industry is known to ship animals for thousands of kilometers and across several countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cattle are mostly raised for domestic consumption. However, it has been reported that about 100,000 heads of large ruminants were exported to neighboring countries [15]. The first outbreak of LSD was reported in the northeastern region of Thailand in March 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The northern part of the country shares borders with a number of neighboring countries. It has been assessed that Thailand is facing a high risk of LSD outbreak due to its informal live animal importation from neighboring countries where the disease has already been introduced [15]. Since the first outbreak in Thailand, the Thai government has launched LSD control measures including the restriction of cattle movement to within 50 km radius of the outbreak area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Collected from Outbreaks in Northern Thailand in 2021

Singhla

Boonsri

Kreausukon

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Understanding molecular epidemiology is essential for the improvement of lumpy skin disease (LSD) eradication and control strategies. The objective of this study was to perform a molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) isolated from dairy cows presenting LSD-like clinical signs in northern Thailand. The skin nodules were collected from 26 LSD-suspected cows involved in six outbreaks during the period from July to September of 2021. LSDVs were confirmed from clinical samples using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR-positive samples were subsequently amplified and sequenced using a G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses. All 26 samples were positive for LSDV by PCR. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 24 LSDV isolates obtained from cattle in northern Thailand were closely related to other LSDV sequences acquired from Asia (China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam). On the other hand, two LSDV isolates of the cows presenting LSD-like clinical signs after vaccination were clustered along with LSDV Neethling-derived vaccines. The outcomes of this research will be beneficial in developing effective control strategies for LSDV.

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